In the modern Tatar linguistics, a great interest is manifested to studying the language as a unique cultural code of particular linguocultural communities. Phraseological combinations used in the Tatar poetry that have direct lexical equivalents in the language can be extended in the contest due to the same circumstances as their lexical equivalents. The meaning of a combination itself is not replenished in any way, but such extension of boundaries of stable phrases can affect its meaning in a certain context by contributing additional sense aspects into it, which are absent in its general language variant. An attempt to discover the national identity of emotional sensations of the Tatar people is made in this article by using such general research methods as induction, deduction, observation, as well as analysis and synthesis of empirical materials. Phraseological units of the Tatar language with emotionally expressed components have been analyzed, which makes it possible to assess and evaluate how the Tatar people imagine and visualize the world. The findings of this research prove that in the Tatar linguistic vision of the world, as well as in the Eastern linguistic culture, the human, his emotions and speech are striving for harmony by mutually complementing each other. Tatars' life, routines, and emotions appear to be seriously influenced by Islamic traditions. The significance based upon a comprehensive analysis of phraseological units reveals the national specific vision of the world, the methods for nomination and segmentation of the emotional world, as well as the human image featured in the Tatar language phraseology. The research findings make it possible to represent such significance for the general theory of linguistic science.

A concretizing link is an expression of a specific relationship between concepts using a unique means of relation. Given that, affixes and forms of verbs have a particular place. This article considers the conditions of the infinitive (-ырга/-ергә/-рга) and the conditional mood of the verb (-са/-сә). These affixes in Tatar grammars as part of a subordinate predicate clause are inflectional forms, that is, linking words. The authors study these verb forms to express a concretizing relation and analyze the shades of meanings. A more profound analysis shows that these affixes express different relations between phenomena and connect the verb with other words. They are added to all the verbs and some parts of speech when in speaking. It must be said that the affixes of the conditional mood and, to some extent, the infinitive perform the same functions for the verb as the cases do for the noun. The primary research method is descriptive-analytical with its main components: observation, generalization, and interpretation. For a detailed analysis of the linguistic features of speech, a comparative historical method is also used, which allows for the determination of some tendencies in the development of the grammatical system of the national literary language. In the studies, comparative-typological and statistical methods are also applied.

This article examined the roles of onomatopoeic and predicative words in the formation of a concretizing relations in the Tatar literary language. For many years, language onomatopoeic and predicative words in Tatar language had been studied as a part of the modal speech. Since the end of the 20th century, onomatopoeic words have been included into the list of notional parts of speech. Predicative words also stand between the notional and service parts of speech, that is, as a separate unit. In syntactic terms, both of these can be attributed to notional parts of speech, as they form word combinations. In this scientific work, the authors were first to study the concretizing relations between onomatopoeic words, verbs, and nouns and also between predicative words and nouns, pronouns, and verbs. The article also shed light on semantic nuances and means of communication.A concretizing link refers to an expression of a concretizing relation between words using special means of communication. The category of concretizing relations includes a rather wide range of semantic nuances between notions; therefore, the means of their expression are very diverse. The scientific novelty of this article was determined by the functional-semantic analysis of the concretizing relationship, wherein onomatopoeic and predicative words were either dependent or dominant components.The research method was determined by the goals and objectives of the work, as well as by the specificity of the material being studied. The main research method was descriptive-analytical, with its main components: observation, generalization, and interpretation. Comparative-historical method was also used for the purpose of comprehensive analysis of linguistic features of speech, allowing determining certain tendencies in the development of grammatical system of national literary language. The study also involved comparative-typological and statistical methods.

In the article we consider the state of teaching the Tatar language in Russian schools as one of the two official languages in the Republic of Tatarstan, we reveal reasons for teaching inefficiency of this language in schools, and give recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of teaching of the Tatar language, improving teaching methods, as well as developing textbooks on the Tatar language for those studying it as a foreign language.

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