Background:Abnormal eating behavior, unhealthy weight control methods, and eating disordered symptoms have risen among college students.Objectives:The aim of this study was to examine disordered eating attitudes and their relationship with anthropometric and body composition indices in physical education students in Tabriz, the capital of East Azerbaijan province, Iran.Patients and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 210 physical education students, 105 males and 105 females aged 18 to 25, who were selected by systematic random sampling from physical education faculty of Tabriz University in Tabriz, Iran, in 2013. Eating attitude test (EAT-26) was used for the assessment of disordered eating attitudes. In addition, anthropometric and body composition indices were assessed.Results:About 10% of the studied subject had disturbed eating attitudes; significantly more males (15.4%) reported an EAT-26 ≥ 20 (disordered eating attitudes) than females (4.8%) (P < 0.05). In males, the EAT-26 score was positively correlated with weist perimeter (WP) (r = 0.21, P < 0.05) and the waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.26, P < 0.01). In females, the EAT-26 score was positively correlated with weight (r = 0.19, P < 0.05) and the WP (r = 0.28, P < 0.01). In females, weight (P < 0.05), body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.05), WP (P < 0.01), and waist-to-hip ratio (P < 0.05) were significantly different between disordered eating attitude and healthy subjects, while in males there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the anthropometric and body composition indices.Conclusions:Abnormal eating attitude was notable among physical education students in Tabriz, Iran. It seems that some anthropometric indices such as BMI and central obesity indices were related to the increase of disordered eating attitude.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks resistance training with creatine supplementation on body composition and physical fitness indexes in male futsal players. Methods: 20 trained futsal players were selected based on convenience sampling from East Azerbaijan and assigned randomly either to Ex + Cr group (Exercise + Creatin, n = 10) or Ex + Pl group (Exercise + Placebo, n = 10). All of the subjects performed resistance training program for 8 weeks. The Ex + Cr group ingested 0.3 g/kg creatine during loading phase 0.1 g/kg in maintenance phase. Body weight, fat free mass, fat percent, muscular strength, speed, anaerobic power and flexibility were measured before and after training program. Paired t-test and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results suggested that body weight and fat free mass were significantly increased in both groups with greater improvements in Ex + Cr group (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, Ex + Cr group demonstrated greater decrease in fat percent compared with Ex + Pl group (P ≤ 0.05). Also, muscular strength increased to a greater extent in the Ex + Cr compared with the Ex + Pl group (P ≤ 0.05). Finally, there was no significant difference between the two groups in speed, anaerobic power and flexibility (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: In general, it seems that resistance training along with creatine supplementation lead to greater increases in body weight, fat mass and muscular strength as well as greater decrease in fat percent than resistance training alone in trained futsal players.

Background and Aim: Few studies have been done to examine the effect of different dosages of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on muscle damage indices in wrestlers. The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of two dosages of BCAA on muscle damage indices after heavy resistance exercise in wrestlers. Methods: 29 young wrestlers were randomly selected and divided into three groups. All subjects participated in heavy weight resistance exercise (3 sets, 10 repetitions, 80% 1RM). The BCAA was given at doses of 210 and 450 mg•kg 1 -body weight for supplemental groups 1 and 2 respectively, 30 minutes before and after the exercise test and dextrin was given at a dose of 210 mg.kg 1 -body weight for the placebo group. To identify enzyme activity (IU/L), venous blood samples were obtained 30 min prior to exercise and at 24 and 48 hrs post exercise. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures and the Bonfferoni test (P≥ 0.05). Results: Based on this study results, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK MB ) activity were significantly increased (p<0.05 ( in all groups. CK, LDH, CK MB indices having the highest activity in the placebo group, but there were no significant differences between all groups. Conclusion: These results provide evidence that the use of two different dosages of BCAA did not decrease the muscle damage associated with heavy resistance exercise.

AutoCAD showed to be a reliable and valid method to measure lordosis. It is suggested that this method may replace those that are costly and involve health risks, such as radiography, in evaluating lumbar lordosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to show that: being "in context" and "similarity" in fatiguing protocols to the main aspects of sport does not alter wrestlers balance. Methods: Twenty professional male wrestlers (age 26.2±1 yr, VO 2 max 62.3±3.1 ml kg min) participated in this study (10 in experimental and 10 subjects in control group) and completed a fatigue protocol. In this study, a regular wrestling match was used for the metabolic fatigue protocol. Biodex® balance system and lactometer were used for evaluation of balance and blood lactate level (respectively). For statistical analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient, paired t-test, sample t and ANOVA tests were used. Results: Based on these study results, the static balance alterations in the experimental group (eyes open and eyes closed positions) were respectively 0.16% and 3.17%, and this was not statistically meaningful. Also, dynamic balance alterations in the experimental group (eye opened and eye closed positions) were 0.12% and 0.41% (respectively) which was not statistically meaningful. There was not a significant relationship between lactate acid accumulation and variations of the stability indices (r=-0/570, p<0.05). Conclusion: one of the best explanations for the absence of alteration in wrestlers balance is that: the fatiguing protocol exerted in this study is "in context" and "similar" to wrestling training and this can cause the wrestlers to utilize an anticipatory postural adjustment system for further maintaining postural stability. The possible mechanisms responsible for limiting the effect of fatigue on static and dynamic stability include: an alteration in afferent sensory inputs, a decrease in postural adjustment, increase in COP displacement, increase in delay time and decease in muscular activity, alteration in proprioception and the dysfunction of contractile units in anti gravity muscle following fatigue.