Introduction: Scrotal lymphedema is a rare condition characterized by the swelling of the scrotal skin due to deterioration in lymphatic drainage. Although not life-threatening, chronic lymphedema is disabling with significant physical and psychological morbidity and complications, including impaired hygiene, urinary incontinence and immobility. This report aimed to describe the diagnosis and treatment of giant scrotal lymphedema. Case Presentation: A 23-year-old man presented with a gradually enlarging scrotum. Physical examination of the genitalia shows that the patient’s penis was difficult to identify, and testes were completely impalpable due to the thickness of the scrotal skin. There were neither inguinal lymph node enlargement nor other skin lesions on the scrotum. The scrotum was homogenous, with a measured dimension of 35 cm x 28 cm x 20 cm anterior to posterior. Laboratory evaluation, including complete blood count, complete metabolic panel, human immunodeficiency virus, sedimentation rate, and antibodies to strongyloides, schistosomes, and filaria, were within normal limits. The penis and testes were normal-sized and clearly demarcated from computed tomography scan, buried within the hardened scrotal soft tissues, with no signs of testicular tumor or any pelvic lymph node enlargement. Conclusion: Scrotal lymphedema is a rare condition characterized by the swelling of the scrotal skin due to deterioration in lymphatic drainage.

Objective: To evaluate the role of prostate basal cell staining in diagnosing Gleason score 6 prostate cancer. Materials & Methods: During research period, we collected 20 medical records and paraffin block specimens of Gleason score 6 prostatic adenocarcinoma patients. Specimens were taken from prostate needle biopsy. Demographic data and PSA level were extracted from medical records. Basal cells were detected by immunohistochemical staining for antikeratin 34β-E12 on paraffin block specimens analyzed by an experienced pathologist. Positive results suggest a benign lesion. Results: Mean age is 70 ± 6,5 years. Mean prostate volume and PSA level was 52±17cc and 25±21 ng/ml. Three specimens (15%) showed presence of basal cells on antikeratin 34β-E12 staining, which indicated benign lesions. Leucocyturia was found in all patients of this group. There was a significant association between PSA level and antikeratin 34β-E12 staining (p=0,03). In multivariate analysis, there is no significant association between antikeratin 34β-E12 staining with age, prostate volume, and leucocyturia. Conclusions: 15 % cases of prostatic cancer Gleason score 6 still showed basal cell existence. Immunohistochemical staining of basal cell should be considered in suspicious cases of prostatic cancer.

Nyeri pada saat menstruasi atau haid sering dikeluhkan seorang wanita sebagai sensasi tidak nyaman, bahkankarena timbulnya nyeri tersebut dapat mengganggu aktivitas dan memaksa penderita untuk istrahat danmeninggalkan pekerjaan atau aktivitas rutinnya selama beberapa jam atau beberapa hari. Relaksasi secaraumum sebagai metode yang paling efektif terutama pada pasien yang mengalami nyeri sehingga perludilakukan penelitian pengaruh terapi relaksasi terhadap nyeri menstruasi. Penelitian ini bertujuanmenganalisis perbedaan derajat nyeri menstruasi sebelum dengan sesudah dilakukan terapi relaksasi padasiswi SMAN 3 Padangsidimpuan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan disain quasiexperimental untuk mengetahui pengaruh relaksasi pernapasan terhadap nyeri menstruasi pada siswi SMAN3. Jumlah sampel terdiri dari 30 orang yang diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Pengumpulan datadiambil melalui hasil kuisioner dan observasi yang diperiksa berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, dananalisis data berupa analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji-t berpasangan. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa umur menarche responden < 11 tahun ada sebanyak 7 orang (23,33%), umur 11 – 13tahun ada sebanyak 15 orang (50%), dan umur >14 tahun ada sebanyak 8 orang (26,67%). Sebelumpemberian teknik relaksasi nafas dalam, responden yang merasakan intensitas nyeri ringan ada sebanyak 4orang (13,33%), nyeri sedang ada sebanyak 16 (53,33%) orang, dan nyeri berat ada sebanyak 10 orang(33,34%) maka mayoritas responden merasakan intensitas nyeri sedang yaitu sebanyak 16 orang (53,33%).Setelah pemberian teknik relaksasi nafas dalam, responden yang merasakan intensitas nyeri ringan adasebanyak 23 orang (76,67%), nyeri sedang ada sebanyak 7 orang (23,33%), dan nyeri berat tidak ada (0%),maka mayoritas responden merasakan intensitas nyeri ringan sebanyak 23 orang (76,67%). Analisis bivariatmenunjukkan adanya perbedaan nilai rerata intensitas nyeri sebelum dan setelah perlakuan sebesar 2,93. Darihasil analisis statistik dengan menggunakan uji T Berpasangan didapatkan nilai P=0,001 < α=0,05 dimanaada perbedaan bermakna antara pre dan post intervensi, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruhpemberian relaksasi nafas dalam yang signifikan terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri dismenore pada SiswaSMAN 3 Kota Padangsidimpuan.

Objective: The aim of the study was to detect the differences in number and the distribution of angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R) in BPH, high grade PIN, and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Material & method: A prospective study was performed in RSHS, in collaboration with the Department of Anatomical Pathology. Prostate samples were taken by TUR of the prostate, and then divided into 5 groups. They were BPH, high grade PIN, adenocarcinoma of the prostate in 3 difference grades (well, moderate, and poorly differentiated). Kidney tissue for control. Immunohistochemical staining was done to determine the angiotensin II type-1 (AT1R) receptor distribution as primary antibody used was mouse monoclonal antibody AT1 (TONI-1): sc-57036, Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., CA. Results: Angiotensin II type-1 receptor was found in material of BPH, high grade PIN and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The number and distribution of the receptors were not different. Conclusion: There are no significant differences in number and distribution of angiotensin II type-1 receptor on BPH, high grade PIN, and adenocarcinoma of the prostate.