The image obtained by static ultrasonography (US), despite being a validated measure to identify muscle thickness (MT), has a visualization capacity limited by the size of the transducer. The extended field of view (EFOV) is a more recent technique of obtaining muscle images by the US, which allows observing MT over the entire length of the muscle. The purpose of the study was to determine the reliability and the intra- and inter-rater error of the MT measurement in the proximal, medial and distal portions of the vastus lateralis using the EFOV US. Twenty-five men (age = 24 ± 4 years) paid a visit to the laboratory. Two independent US technicians identified the anatomical landmarks and collected the images using EFOV US, with a 4 cm linear transducer, 10 MHz frequency and 6 cm image depth. After all collections, a third researcher codified the images, which were sent to two independent image raters. After a week, the images were shuffled, recoded and sent back to the same evaluators. The values of the typical error of the measurement, coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficient intra and inter-rater ranged between 0.01 and 0.03 cm, 0.47 and 2.32%, 0.990 and 0.998, respectively, for the two evaluators. The Bland-Altman analysis indicated high agreement and homoscedastic error of all comparisons. The high reliability and low errors observed, less than the increments typically found in training studies, reveal the great potential for EFOV US to determine MT in different portions of the vastus lateralis muscle.
Introduction: Resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) is an effective method to promote muscle strength gains and hypertrophy. However, little is known about the effects of different BFR levels on hemodynamic responses. Objective: To verify whether the different blood flow restriction pressures applied to the upper limb cause acute changes in vascular microcirculation in young, healthy male adults. Methods: Ten young male visited the laboratory on four occasions. In the first visit, after 10-min rest in supine position, the brachial artery occlusion pressure (AOP) was identified with a Doppler ultrasound. Thereafter, the participants were submitted to a protocol consisting of 1 min for baseline measurements, 2 min of BFR, and 2 min after cuff deflation. It was used a cuff placed on the proximal portion of the forearm and inflated with pressures equivalents to 30% (30BFR), 50% (50BFR) 80% (80BFR), or 100% (100BFR) of the AOP in a random order in separate days. Measurements of tissue saturation index (TSI), oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin were collected continuously using near-infrared spectrometry. Results: A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures demonstrated: 1) a significant decrease in TSI in all conditions, with higher decay in 100BFR; 2) a significant increase in oxyhemoglobin in all conditions, but 100BFR; 3) a similar increase in deoxyhemoglobin in all conditions; 4) a significant increase in total hemoglobin in all conditions, mainly in both 30BFR and 50BFR. Conclusion: The relative pressures adopted demonstrated that the hemodynamic changes do not occur linearly with the pressure level imposed by the inflated cuff.
INTRODUÇÃO: A potencialização pós ativação é o fenômeno do aumento da potência muscular quando precedido de uma atividade condicionante (AC) de força a partir de cargas de alta intensidade.OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito agudo de três diferentes intensidades de atividade condicionante sobre o desempenho do salto vertical. MÉTODOS: Quinze homens com experiência no treinamento de força visitaram o laboratório em seis ocasiões. As duas primeiras visitas foram destinadas exclusivamente para identificar a carga de 1RM no exercício agachamento. As demais visitas foram realizadas de forma aleatória compreendendo três condições experimentais e um controle. Os procedimentos experimentais foram compostos com a AC realizada em 3 séries de 3 repetições com 20,55 ou 90% de 1RM no exercício agachamento. Tanto antes, como 10 minutos após a realização da AC, os voluntários realizaram 3 saltos verticais. Na visita controle, nenhuma AC foi realizada entre as séries de saltos. Como variável dependente, tanto a maior altura obtida (melhor desempenho) quanto a média de altura das séries de saltos foram consideradas. Após a verificação da normalidade pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, uma ANOVA two-way com medidas repetidas foi utilizado para verificar se havia interação ou efeito principal. O nível de significância adotado foi de p0,05.RESULTADOS: ANOVA two-way com medidas repetidas não observou interação grupo x teste (p=0,938) e nem efeito principal grupo (p=0,486) ou teste (p=0,658) quando se considerou a média dos 3 saltos. O mesmo resultado foi observado quando se avaliou o salto de melhor desempenho (p=0,582; p=0,873; p=0,119).CONCLUSÃO: Os protocolos adotados no presente estudo parecem não interferir no desempenho do salto vertical para indivíduos experientes no treinamento de força, mas não atletas. A individualidade biológica é um importante fator de influência, indicando a necessidade de testar o desempenho individual antes de prescrever este modelo de treino.ABSTRACT. Effect of conditioning contraction with different intensities on vertical jump performance.BACKGROUND: Post-activation potentiation is the phenomenon of increased muscle power when preceded by a high intensity conditioning activity (CA).OBJECTIVE: To verify the acute effect of three different intensities of conditioning activity on the vertical jump performance.METHODS: Fifteen men with strength training experience visited the laboratory on six occasions. The first two visits were intended exclusively to identify the 1RM load in the squat exercise. The other visits were carried out at random, comprising three experimental conditions and one control. The experimental procedures were composed with the CA performed in 3 sets of 3 repetitions with 20,55 or 90% of 1RM in the squat exercise. Before and 10 minutes after performing the CA, the volunteers performed 3 vertical jumps. In the control visit, no CA was performed between the sets of jumps. As a dependent variable, both the highest height obtained (best performance) and the average height of each sets of jumps were considered. After checking the normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test, a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to check if there was an interaction or main effect. The level of significance was p0.05. RESULTS: Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures did not observe group x test interaction (p=0.938) and neither main group effect (p=0.486) nor test (p=0.658) when considering the average of the 3 jumps. The same result was observed when the best performance jump was evaluated (p=0.582; p=0.873; p=0.119).CONCLUSION: The protocols adopted in the present study do not seem to interfere with the vertical jump performance for individuals experienced in strength training, but not athletes. Biological individuality is an important influencing factor, indicating the need to test individual performance before prescribing this training model.
Estudar confiabilidade do salto vertical (SV) é testar a consistência dessa medida para atestar a qualidade dos dados. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a estabilidade de três diferentes técnicas de SV. Vinte dois homens (22,5±2,7 anos; 174,3±7,0 cm; 71,3±8,2 kg) foram testados em quatro ocasiões. Os SV realizadas no presente estudo foram salto agachado (SA), salto profundo (SP) e salto contra movimento (SCM). A primeira visita foi usada para familiarização. As visitas subsequentes serviram para coletar os dados dos SV em uma plataforma de salto. Quatro saltos máximos de cada modelo de SV foram executados em todas as visitas de forma aleatória, com descarte do pior resultado de cada modelo de SV. O intervalo entre os saltos foi de 45 s e entre os tipos de SV de 5 min. As variáveis mensuradas foram altura do salto, pico de potência absoluta e relativa a massa corporal. Para o SP, além das variáveis citadas também foram analisadas o tempo de contato, tempo de voo e índice de força reativa. Para testar a confiabilidade foi utilizado o CCI. O LC95% proposto por Bland-Altman foi usado para identificar erro randômico e uma ANOVA com medidas repetidas seguida pelo teste post hoc de Bonferroni foi utilizado para observar o erro sistêmico. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram uma alta confiabilidade e baixo erro randômico e sistemático para todas as variáveis testadas. Os SV são ferramentas confiáveis para avaliar a altura do salto, a potência muscular e a força reativa dos membros inferiores.
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