Oral iron treatment is effective and well tolerated in most IBD patients, and does not exacerbate the symptoms of the underlying IBD. Intravenous iron, on the other hand, is an effective and safe alternative treatment for iron deficiency anemia in more severely anemic or intolerant patients. Anemia correction with iron treatment is associated with a relevant improvement in the patients' quality of life.

The incidence rate of inflammatory bowel disease relapse after anti-TNF discontinuation is relevant. Some predictive factors of relapse after anti-TNF withdrawal have been identified. Retreatment with the same anti-TNF drug was effective and safe.

In this "real-life" cohort of UC patients on maintenance treatment with adalimumab, anti-TNF-naïve patients had significantly better long-term outcomes. Adalimumab dose escalation enabled recovery of response in nearly half of patients.

In the literature, 61 cases of eosinophilic infiltration of the oesophageal mucosa subjected to oesophageal manometric study had been described, and 60.6% of them showed evidence of different types of manometric alterations, mainly with spastic or hypercontractility characteristics. Although six of our cases showed very deficient peristalsis with very low-amplitude or nontransmitted waves, and in another three high-amplitude peristaltic waves were recorded. Motor disorders improved parallel to the disappearance of the eosinophilic infiltration of the mucosa. These data suggest that motor disorders in eosinophilic oesophagitis are a consequence of eosinophil infiltration of the oesophagus and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dysphagia. These manometric alterations could be considered as primary nonspecific disorders and included in the 'ineffective oesophageal motility' group.