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Binaural reproduction techniques, which use head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), become more and more popular. Human localization performance using binaural synthesis is, however, often poor due to non-individual HRTFs. To investigate the physical relationship between the ear geometry and the directional HRTFs, the ears and the HRTF datasets of 48 subjects are measured. The detailed ear models are obtained from magnetic resonance imaging scans of the subjects. Two rough scans series of the head and a detailed horizontal scan series, which covers both ears, are taken. The 3D model meshes, which are generated from the MRI scans, allow a very precise determination of anthropometric dimensions which can be used for the individualization of the HRTFs. Additionally, the relationship between the anthropometric dimensions and monaural cues of the HRTFs is studied by the boundary element method. These simulations show which parts of the pinna are involved in case of resonances or destructive interferences.