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A papyrus reed, as a type of unusable farming waste, was used as akind of low-cost biosorbent for the elimination a crude oil from produced waterthat was produced in an Al-Ahdab field, Iraq, in a batch stirred operationmode. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electronmicroscope (SEM) were used to characterize the biosorbent before and afteradsorption. Batch tests were employed as a function of the contact time,adsorbent dose, and the pH of the solution. The experimental results show atincreases the amount adsorbent dosage, pH and contact times, the removalefficiencies were increases and optimum condition was obtained at pH valueequal to 9, 5000 ppm adsorbent dose and 45 minutes contact time for removalabout 94.5% of crude oil, for test sample initial crude oil concentration 257.06ppm. Therefore it can be disposed of without environmental damage. The betterfitting for equilibrium sorption process data was satisfactorily by theFreundlich isotherm model with (R2= 0.9665) and the adsorption kinetics bestdescribed by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

The transport of heavy crude oil from the head-well to the refinery plants is an attractive factor as its production is currently increasing around the world. Though the higher viscosity increases trouble in the piping transportation and production from the reservoir, for these reasons, this study focuses on the dilution method to reduce its viscosity using toluene, dimethyl ketone (DMK) and a mixture of (50/50 vol. %) toluene/dimethyl ketone as a dilutes solvents with different weight fraction (0, 5, 10 and 15 wt. %) at 298.15 K. The heavy oil used collected from Amara oil field, south of Iraq. The viscosity was measured by Brookfield viscometer over a range of shear rates (0-42s-1). On another way to understand the effect of temperature, the better result for weight fraction of solvents in viscosity reduction of heavy oil was investigated under different temperatures (298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K). The obtained results showed dilution of heavy oil samples with toluene, DMK and a mixture of (50/50 vol. %) toluene and DMK is an effective method for reducing the viscosity. Moreover, the temperature has a significant effect on the degree of viscosity reduction in the presence of the diluents. However, the higher DVR was noticed about 87.17 % at 15 wt.% of the mixture (50/50 vol. %) toluene + DMK at 318.15 K and shear rate 42 s-1. Tthe relevant results attribute to an aromatic characteristic of toluene which allows interferes in the asphaltene aggregation.

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