The significant increase in the number of applications that depend on Internet of Things concept is becoming more evident. It has been deployed in many areas in smart homes, smart cities and health monitoring applications. The means to secure these applications are slower than our growing dependence on them. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the kinds of vulnerabilities that exist in home monitoring smart cameras and to demonstrate their effects on users' security and privacy, by proposing a threat model and a security and privacy analysis framework. The framework covers five major components of the smart camera system with a set of designed test cases. The framework is applied to five commodity smart cameras. Range of vulnerabilities are discovered with respect to the framework. The vulnerabilities discovered indicate that IoT devices continue to be shipped by vendors without putting enough effort on their security and with insufficient regard for the implications that they have on users' privacy. The work reported here has been part of the first author's MSc thesis [1].

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Background: Readmissions remain a persistent challenge in the care process of heart failure (HF). This study aimed to assess the 30 and 90-day readmission rates of HF and the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study targeted adult patients admitted for HF to King Abdulaziz Medical City between January 2016 and December 2018. The primary outcome variables were 30- and 90-day readmissions. Descriptive statistics were used for the continuous variables, which displayed the mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values. The binary logistic regression technique was used to investigate risk factors for 30- and 90-day readmissions. Results: The 30- and 90-day readmission rates were 39.6% and 37.6%, respectively. Hypertension (P < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (P = 0.03), hypothyroidism (P = 0.04), and pulmonary diseases (P < 0.001) were all deemed as risk factors for readmission within 30 days. Body mass index (P = 0.03), dyslipidemia (P = 0.04), chronic kidney disease (P = 0.03), arrhythmias (P = 0.007), and pulmonary diseases (P < 0.001) were all deemed as significant predictors of readmission within 90 days. Conclusion: The 30- and 90-day readmission rates were 39.6% and 37.6%, respectively. Hypertension, chronic kidney disease, hypothyroidism, and pulmonary diseases were significant predictors for 30-day readmission. Body mass index, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, arrhythmias, and pulmonary diseases were significant predictors for 90-day readmissions. These predictors must be taken into consideration to develop strategies to reduce readmission rates and mitigate a burden on health-care resources and patients' morbidity.

Background The fabella is a sesamoid bone usually embedded within the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius, articulating with the posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle. Recently, the fabella was associated with primary osteoarthritis. The current study aimed to estimate its incidence and distribution in patients with osteoarthritis in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and its effect on disease severity and deformity in osteoarthritic knees. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review study and included 901 patients with primary knee osteoarthritis between January 2016 and December 2020. All data were retrieved from the hospital data management system using a customized data collection form which included baseline demographics of the patients and specific parameters for the study such as type of knee deformity, Kellgren-Lawrence classification, OA severity, and location of fabella. Results Overall fabella incidence in 901 patients was 21.9% (22.4% in females, 20.1% in males) with no significant difference between sexes (χ² = 0.515, P = 0.473), but was more prevalent among older patients age 50–60 years; prevalence 28.6% (χ² = 11.178, P = 0.025). The Kellgren-Lawrence classification stage was significantly higher in knees with fabella because 117 (59.4%) patients were classified as stage 4 (χ² = 9.694, P = 0.021). Genu varum was the most prevalent deformity occurring concomitantly with fabella in osteoarthritic knees, observed in 122 patients (61.9%). Conclusion The presence of fabella was positively correlated with older age and higher severity of primary osteoarthritis.