At recent times, rapid urbanization growth occurs in numerous cities, thus this creates many issues, leading to local ecological degradation. So, an evaluation tool has been proposed to measure this ecological balance issue (EBI) to assess the urban sustainability of a city which is an Ecological Footprint Analysis (EFA) tool. This paper aims to measure the imbalance of consumption/production of built-up land in Alexandria city by using the EFA tool. In order to assess a holistic picture of the urban sustainability of built-up land, the researcher collected all the relevant data during this time-series (2005-2019) from the local authorities. In the accounts of ecological footprint (EF), the parameters of built-up land are set as equal to those of cropland, based on the assumption that built-up land is totally converted from cropland. However, built-up land may be derived from other types of land use, but the cropland ranks as the most productive use. So, one of the objectives of this paper is to compare between the builtup land and cropland to ascertain the extent of loss on cropland. The researcher concludes that the Ecological Footprint (EF) of built-up land is larger than the bio-capacity (BC) of built-up land, resulting in an existing ecological balance issue (ecological deficit), this can be considered as urban unsustainable pattern. Consequently, the researcher has been suggested guidelines and recommendations responding to the final results of measurements so that more decisions can be taken to move towards the urban sustainability progress by observing the local realities for Alexandria's vision of 2050.

Quality of life is an important aspect of liveability in cities. Being able to walk means there is less energy consumption, a stronger local economy and better health, thus better economic and social status. We aim to identify the role of walkability in city centers: How walkable is the city of Alexandria, Egypt? How do people feel about walking in the city? This research reviews how walkability develops in a city and has identified how the people in the central business district (CBD) of Alexandria travel through it. Walkable communities help cut greenhouse gas and other emissions by encouraging less driving, improving citizen's health by providing more walking opportunities, reduce crime by increasing social interaction, and support the local economy by encouraging shopping in the city center. The main problem is the decrease in walking rates in the CBD of Alexandria. Our research uses a questionnaire to identify the proportion of people living or working in the CBD, what means of travel they use, how long their journey is between home and the CBD, and what walkability issues they face. This paper is of great importance to planners and decision-makers, showing how people behave in the historic CBD of Alexandria.

With fast urbanization, numerous cities are confronting different environmental issues, leading to local environmental degradation. It is basic to make a scientific assessment so that convenient solutions can be proposed by looking at the local realities. Numerous assessment strategies have been suggested such as emerge analysis, material flow analysis, data development analysis and ecological footprint analysis. Among them, ecological footprint analysis (EFA) has been implemented as a useful analytical and planning tool for assessing urban sustainability in numerous cities. The aim of this research is to use one of the EFA components that is the built-up land footprint (EFBuilt-up land) to evaluate the sustainability in Alexandria, Egypt, in terms of settlements. In order to assess a sophisticated picture of EFBuilt-up land of Alexandria, the researchers will collect all relevant data for the years 2005 to 2017 and calculate the EFBuilt-up land and BCBuilt-up land during this time-series (2005-2017). The research concludes that the Alexandria's EFBuilt-up land exceeds its bio-capacity (BCBuilt-up land), resulting in an ecological deficit (EFD). Consequently, the element of built-up land in Alexandria is considered an unsustainable system. Finally, the researcher will propose guidelines to respond to the findings so that the city can shift towards a sustainable evolution direction for Alexandria's vision of 2050.

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