Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli still an important pathogen that cause diarrhea which lead to hospital admissions and death specially in children. In order to identify the common pathotypes of E. coli via investigate different virulence genes. A total of 210 stool samples were collected from children under five years presented with diarrhea from different hospitals and private clinics in Wasit province, Iraq, on the other hand, 40 stool samples were collected from healthy children considered as control group. regarding to culture, biochemical tests and API 20E results 100 isolates were supposed to be E. coli. The DNA were extracted to that 100 isolates from diarrheal cases and for 40 isolates of control, concentration of DNA samples were between (50-360 mg/µl ) and the purity between (1.8-2). All isolates studied for detectionvirulence gene of five Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli strains based on using multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction technique, by amplified 13 primer (eaeA, bfpB, aggR, astA, pic, hly, stx1, stx2, invE, ipaH, elt, estIa, estIb), and showed the distribution of the strains and its susceptibility to antibiotics. The most frequent pathotypes was Enteropathogenic E.coli 19/42 (45.3%) ) with 9 typical and 10 atypical, followed by Enteroaggregative E. coli 17/42 (40.5%), Enterotoxigenic E. coli 3/42 (7.1%), Enteroinvasive E. coli 3/42 (7.1% ), and 0/42 (0%) in Shigatoxin producing E .coli and no DEC in all control patients. The highest resistance to antibiotics was (95.2%) to Amoxicillin and Ampicillin, respectively, Sulfa-Trimethoprim 92.9%, followed by 85.7% for Tetracycline and Cephalothin, Ceftriaxone 81% and Cefotaxim "clavulanic acid 71.4%. While the lowest resistance was to Chloramphenicol (19 %), Ciprofloxacin (16.7%), Amikacin (7.1%) and no resistance was detected toward Imipenem. We can conclude in this study, multiplex PCR is a swift, and accurate procedure can be used for Diarrheagenic E.coli identification and isolation successfully of strains.

| This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of pomegranate peel extract on serum glucose, creatinine, serum uric acid and serum total protein in normal and Staphylococcus aureus infected mice. Thirty seven milk samples were collected from Al-Kut city from cows suffering acute mastitis. After biochemical tests and API Staph System it was revealed that 19 out of 37 milk samples contained S. aureus. Ethanolic extract of pomegranate peels was prepared and the highest in vitro antibacterial effect was observed by 300mg/mL against S. aureus with 30.00 ± 0.57 mm of the diameter zone. Thirty lactating mice were divided into three groups. Group (1): negative control (Normal). Group (2): positive control, mice were infected by intramammary injection of S. aureus at 7, 15, 21 and 30 days and left untreated. Group (3): mice infected with intramammary injection of S. aureus and treated orally with 300 mg/kg BW of ethanolic extract of pomegranate peel after 48 h of infection for 15, 21 and 30 days. At the end of experiment, blood samples were taken from anaesthetized mice then the mice were killed for histopathological examination and measured the following: serum glucose, creatinine, serum uric acid and serum total proteins. Results showed significant increase (P <0.05) in the levels of serum glucose, creatinine, serum uric acid and serum total proteins in positive control mice as compared with negative control while pomegranate peel treated group showed a significant (P <0.05) decrease in the levels of serum glucose, creatinine, serum uric acid and serum total proteins. Histological section in mammary gland showed clear pathological effects of S. aureus as compared with those treated with pomegranate peel extracts.

COVID19 emerged as one of the biggest global public health crises in recent history. Many pharmaceutical companies have raced against time to develop a vaccine, so that the pandemic can be brought under control. The aim of the current study was to assess the acceptance of the COVID19 vaccine among the general population in Iraq. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1069 respondents from different states of Iraq using questionnaires administered online. Though a total of 77.6% of the respondents agreed to take the COVID19 vaccine when available, a majority (64.3%) said they would wait for some time before taking the vaccine. Around two-thirds agreed to pay a price for the vaccine and the majority (48.6%) preferred the Oxford (AstraZeneca) vaccine. There was a significant association between age, working status, educational level, having family members infected with COVID19 and taking flu vaccine before with acceptance of Covid19 vaccine with P value (<0.001, <0.001, <0.001,0.05, <0.001) respectively. Overall, there is high acceptance willingness among the general population to pay for COVID19 vaccine, once it is available. More education and promotion are needed to assure the public that the vaccine is effective and safe. Keywords: Vaccine, Acceptance, COVID-19, Iraq.

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INTRODUCTION: In March 2020, the world health organization declared Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 a pandemic global communicable disease, there is neither a vaccine nor a treatment for this virus. The aim of the current study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of Iraqi population toward COVID-19. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 272 respondents from different states of Iraq using online administered questionnaires. The questions were adopted from the previous study and consist of three parts mainly socio-demographic, KAP. RESULTS: The majority of the respondents had good knowledge regarding COVID-19 (95.2%). A total of 97.8% of the respondents knew that COVID-19 caused by a virus. Regarding incubation period, 75% of them answer correctly that it is 2–15 days. Higher percept (39%) and 37.9% of participant people considered the disease as a very dangerous and seriously dangerous disease, respectively. The majority (85.3%) of the sample thought that no vaccination available for the disease. More than two-thirds of the sample (76.5%) were wearing face mask sometimes while only 19.5% wearing it all the time. The majority (265) out of 272 was ready to stay home if it required to prevent the spread of the disease. There was a significant association between gender, living state, and COVID-19 knowledge (p = 0.009, <0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSION: The overall knowledge, practice of respondents was good regarding COVID-19. People need to stay at home to prevent the infection and reduce the number of cases.