Background: Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was the first of all coronavirus disease (COVID) vaccines to be used in Saudi Arabia. There have been over 17 million doses already administered to the general public in order to successfully reach herd immunity. Objective: The study aimed to explore the side effects of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study comprising a sample of 386 participating adults of different age groups and genders. A validated modified questionnaire was distributed as a Google form to residents of the kingdom via social networking sites from February to March 2021. The questionnaire included questions regarding participants’ socio-demographic details, vaccination details, and symptom analyses items. Results: The most common to least reported symptoms were local pain (79.3%), fatigue (42%), muscle pain (39.1%), local swelling (27.7%), joint pain (23.1%), headache (21.8%), fever (21.0%), chills (15.5%), local redness (14.8%), nausea (7.3%), with no reports of anaphylaxis, facial paralysis or syncope. There were more side effects after the second dose than the first (p<0.001). Significant predictors of a higher number of side effects after both doses of the vaccine were the female gender ((p<0.001)) and the presence of allergies (p=0.044). Conclusion: Pfizer/BioNTech vaccination was quite safe with no reported anaphylaxis or serious events. The most common reported side effects were local pain and fatigue. Symptoms began within 24 hours and were mild to moderate in nature with a regressive course, especially after analgesics. More side effects were experienced after the second dose than the first. The significant predictors of side effects were the female gender and a history of allergies.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. WHO estimates that one third of the world's population is currently infected, with 9 million new cases occurring annually, leading to 3 million deaths per year, the disease affects the ocular anterior segment, the posterior segment, and adnexa. , The intraocular manifestations of TB include "mutton fat" keratic precipitates, posterior synechiae, vitreous snowballs, snow banking, retinal vasculitis, choroiditis, serpiginous-like choroiditis, and panuveitis] A definitive diagnosis of intraocular TB requires culture data, and direct demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in smears and via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of intraocular fluid, The purpose of this study is to describe the ocular manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and to emphasize the fact that ocular tuberculosis may occur in the absence of systemic clinical activity and may mimic several clinical entities The current study is an observational consecutive case series of patients diagnosed with intraocular tuberculosis managed at a hospital. Study the prevalence of ocular TB in cross section eye care center Magrabi hospital Jeddah, KSA, from June 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. diagnosis of ocular TB is often presumed in the presence of suggestive ocular findings in combination with any of the following: Systemic findings consistent with TB infection, Positive interferon gamma release assay, Positive tuberculin skin test in asymptomatic individuals, Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on direct smear or culture of MTB from ocular samples, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Fluorescein angiography (FA), RESULTS: 86 of 2542 patients for examination of retina in retina clinic were diagnosed as suspected tuberculosis chroretinitis, 20 percent of them had conformed diagnosed as TB. out Of 86, 24 (27.9%) had at least one episode of oculacomplaints, 7 patients were conformed with PCR. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of presumed ocular tuberculosis remains a clinical challenge, although interferon-γ release assays they currently lack the specificity to distinguish between latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis. molecular diagnostic PCR may be valuable in our ability to establish an earlier etiologic diagnosis and institute appropriate antimycobacterial therapy and ensure from implementation of infection control measurements.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. WHO estimates that one third of the world’s population is currently infected, with 9 million new cases occurring annually, leading to 3 million deaths per year, the disease affects the ocular anterior segment, the posterior segment, and adnexa. , The intraocular manifestations of TB include “mutton fat” keratic precipitates, posterior synechiae, vitreous snowballs, snow banking, retinal vasculitis, choroiditis, serpiginous-like choroiditis, and panuveitis] A definitive diagnosis of intraocular TB requires culture data, and direct demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in smears and via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of intraocular fluid, The purpose of this study is to describe the ocular manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and to emphasize the fact that ocular tuberculosis may occur in the absence of systemic clinical activity and may mimic several clinical entities The current study is an observational consecutive case series of patients diagnosed with intraocular tuberculosis managed at a hospital. Study the prevalence of ocular TB in cross section eye care center Magrabi hospital Jeddah, KSA, from June 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. diagnosis of ocular TB is often presumed in the presence of suggestive ocular findings in combination with any of the following: Systemic findings consistent with TB infection, Positive interferon gamma release assay, Positive tuberculin skin test in asymptomatic individuals, Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on direct smear or culture of MTB from ocular samples, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Fluorescein angiography (FA), RESULTS: 86 of 2542 patients for examination of retina in retina clinic were diagnosed as suspected tuberculosis chroretinitis, 20 percent of them had conformed diagnosed as TB. out Of 86, 24 (27.9%) had at least one episode of oculacomplaints, 7 patients were conformed with PCR. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of presumed ocular tuberculosis remains a clinical challenge, although interferon-γ release assays they currently lack the specificity to distinguish between latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis. molecular diagnostic PCR may be valuable in our ability to establish an earlier etiologic diagnosis and institute appropriate antimycobacterial therapy and ensure from implementation of infection control measurements.

Influenza is an acute respiratory disease characterized in its full form by the sudden onset of high fever, coryza, cough, headache, malaise, and inflammation of the upper respiratory tree and trachea. In most cases, pneumonic involvement is not clinically prominent. Aim of study: this Review, we examine the influenza virus infection in cross section study in Riyadh city KSA, This knowledge is used for risk assessments for future, and study effect of influenza vaccine and its implication against influenza virus infection rate STUDY METHODS: A cluster randomized trial involving 1271 children and adolescents and adult, age group between 36 months to 60 years who attend for SMC (Specialized medical center hospital) hospital in ER from January 1 2018, and ended December 31, 2018. History was taken for received vaccine or not, and risk factor diseases (Bronchial Asthma, Diabetics, Heart disease, pneumonia, Immunocompromised). NASOPHARNGEAL swab for: Diagnostic tests: rapid antigen testing, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and rapid molecular assays, and Follow-up for outcome in infected cases Results: the study revealed that 361of 1271 (28.4%) had influenza, 89 patient had H1N1 (7%), 128 patients had influenza A (10.07%) & 144 patients had influenza B (11.32%), one case had H1N1 and Influnza B Detected, 61% had received vaccination., Among 361 diseased cases 137 receive vaccine (37.9%), outcome of case did not need hospital admission, complete recovery for a protective effectiveness of 61% (95% confidence interval [P =.03). overall protective effectiveness of influenza vaccine was 59.3% in children and 66.5% in adult so over all protection 63%, recommendation Routine annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons age 6 months and older.