Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the short term outcome of Desarda technique in inguinal herniorrhaphy in terms of duration of surgery and post-operative pain. Material and methods: This case series study was conducted at Department of Surgery, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from June 2021 to December 2021. Total 150 male patients of inguinal hernia having age 16-50 years were selected. Duration of surgery and post-operative pain was studied. Results: The mean age of patients was 34.86 ± 9.38 years with range of 31.00 years. The minimum and maximum age was 19.00 and 50.00 years respectively. The mean surgery time was 48.92 ± 11.13 minutes with minimum and maximum of 30 and 70 minutes. There were 11 (7.33%) patients who had no pain, 32 (21.33%) had mild, 91 (60.67%) had moderate and 16 (10.67%) had severe pain at day 1. At day 2, no pain was found in 53 (35.33%) patients. A majority of patients 73 (48.67%) were suffering from mild pain whereas moderate and severe pain was seen in 22 (14.67%) and 2 (1.33%) patients respectively. Conclusion: Desarda repair is an acceptable alternative technique for effective repair of inguinal hernia with comparable operative time and postoperative pain as observed in this study that there is minimal duration of surgery and less post operative pain especially at day 2 . The technique can be safely employed to reduce the hospital burden and morbidity related to post-operative pain following operative repair of inguinal hernia. The study will help to encourage further research on this technique as there is only sparse data available in the published local literature to date. Keywords: Inguinal hernia, Herniorrhaphy, Desarda, duration of surgery, postoperative pain.

Objective: To compare the mean pain score of intra-peritoneal bupivacaine versus saline solution in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. Material and methods: Between April 2021 to October 2021, total 100 diagnosed patients of cholelithiasis having age 18-70 years, of either gender planned to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia with ASA I-II were selected from Department of Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. In Bupivacaine group, Intra-peritoneal Bupivacaine was given. In Saline group, Intra-peritoneal Saline Solution was given. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy was performed. Mean pain score was compared between Bupivacaine group and Saline group. Results: Patients having age 18-70 years were selected. Mean age was 43.80±15.60 years. The mean age of patients in Bupivacaine group was 43.3±16.0 years and in Saline group was 44.3±15.3 years. In Bupivacaine group and Saline group, mean pain score was 1.82±0.75 and 4.72±1.20 respectively. Significantly (P=0.000) low mean pain score was noted in Bupivacaine group as compared to Saline group. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in mean pain score of intra-peritoneal bupivacaine versus saline solution in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. Keywords: Cholelithiasis, Cholecystectomy, Intra-peritoneal Bupivacaine, Saline Solution.

Objective: To compare the outcome of two tension free methods of hernia repair: laparoscopic mesh repair versus open mesh technique in terms of severity of chronic post-operative pain. Material and methods: In this randomized controlled trial, total 100 male patients with inguinal hernia, age between 20-60 years were selected from Department of Surgery, Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital Lahore. Duration of study was 6 months (from April 2021 to October 2021). Chronic pain was compared between the groups. Results: In our study, mean age in group A and B was 41.84+8.92 years and 43.18+8.58 years respectively. Chronic pain was recorded in 4%(n=2) patients in Laparoscopic group (Group-A) and 28%(n=14) patients in Lichtenstein group (Group-B) while 96%(n=48) patients in Laparoscopic group (Group-A) and 72%(n=36) patients in Lichtenstein group (Group-B) had no chronic pain. Difference was significant (P=0.001). Pain intensity shows that 96%(n=48) patients in Laparoscopic group (Group-A) and 16%(n=8) patients in Lichtenstein group (Group-B) had no pain while moderate pain was reported in 4%(n=2) patients and 72%(n=36) patients respectively in Laparoscopic group and Lichtenstein group and severe pain was noted in Group-B as 12%(n=6), p value was 0.001. Group A was subjected to Laparoscopic Mesh repair and Group B hernia was repaired by Lichtenstein repair Conclusion: We concluded that laparoscopic mesh repair versus open mesh technique in terms of severity of chronic post-operative pain, laparoscopic mesh repair is found with significant lower pain. Keywords: Laparoscopic mesh repair, inguinal hernia, open mesh, severity of chronic post-operative pain.