SummaryBackgroundVitamin D regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and it is essential for bone formation. Several factors can affect vitamin D levels in plasma. In present study we compare vitamin D levels of outpatients, who admit to Maltepe University Hospital between 2011 and 2013 and had vitamin D measurements regarding gender, age, and season.MethodsHospital records were evaluated to identify the outpatients with vitamin D levels and their gender, age, and vitamin D levels and the seasons of measurements were recorded.ResultsData of 4860 subjects (74% female) were analyzed and 69.2% were between 18–64 years old. Vitamin D levels were as follows: 43.1% ≤ 10 ng/mL, 31.9% between 10 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL, 16.1% between 20 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL, and only 8.9% ≥ 30 ng/mL. The number of females with vitamin D levels < 10 ng/mL was significantly higher than that of males, while the number of males with vitamin D levels between 10 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL was significantly higher than that of females (P = 0.001) for each of the individuals, 6.2% and 11.1% had sufficient levels in winter and summer, respectively. Overall, it was observed that 6.6% of individuals between 18–44 years old, 8.2% of individuals between 45–64 years old and 10.3% of individuals over 65 years old had vitamin D levels > 30 ng/mL.ConclusionsThe prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in outpatients of Maltepe University Hospital in Marmara region was 75% (< 20 ng/mL).

Background Considering the changes in thyroid physiology associated with pregnancy and poor outcomes related to abnormal maternal thyroid function, international guidelines recommend using population-based trimester-specific reference intervals (RIs) for thyroid testing. If these RIs are not available in the laboratory, implementing recommended fixed cut-off values globally is still controversial. To address this issue, we aimed to establish appropriate RI of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in pregnant Turkish women for our laboratory and compare the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction based on the established and recommended criteria. Methods Of 2638 pregnant women, 1777 women followed in the obstetric outpatient were enrolled in the reference interval study after applying exclusion criteria related to medical and prenatal history. A retrospective study was conducted by collecting data from July 2016 to March 2019. Serum TSH was measured by UniCel DxI 800 Immunoassay System (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA, USA). The study design relied on two approaches in order to classify pregnant women: trimester-specific and subgroup-specific; the latter involved dividing each trimester into two subgroups: T1a, T1b, T2a, T2b, T3a, T3b. The lower and upper limits of the RIs were derived by the parametric method after normalizing the data distribution using the modified Box-Cox power transformation method. Results The lowest TSH value was detected at 8-12 weeks in early pregnancy, and the median value of TSH in the T1b subgroup was significantly lower than the T1a subgroup (P < 0.05). TSH levels showed a gradual trend of increase along with the pregnancy and increased significantly in the T2a, T2b, and T3b subgroups compared to the preceding subgroups (P < 0.05). Compared to the diagnostic criteria recommended by American Thyroid Association (ATA), the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was significantly different from the established trimester- and subgroup-specific RIs throughout the pregnancy (P < 0.001). Conclusions We conclude that establishing gestation- and laboratory-specific RIs, especially for TSH, is essential for diagnosing thyroid disorders in pregnancy, and the recommended universal cut-off values, which may contribute to the risk of a misdiagnosis or a missed diagnosis, should be taken with caution in the clinical setting. However, regarding the fluctuation of thyroid function tests throughout pregnancy, trimester-specific RIs are insufficient, and implementing split phases is required.

Serum ADA activity may be useful for clinical diagnosis and observation of high-risk pregnancies in which cell-mediated immunity has been altered.

Introduction Sepsis, defined as an increase of 2 points or more in the sequential organ failure assessment score, is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulated host response to infection. Volume-conductivity-scatter (VCS) parameters of cell counters which are known as cell population data (CPD) have been suggested to be beneficial in diagnosing sepsis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of CPD parameters in sepsis in comparison to nonsystemic infection cases (NSI) and non-infectious acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Materials and Methods We prospectively included four groups of patients” data: sepsis (n = 66), localized infection (pneumonia, n = 59), chronic inflammation (rheumatoid arthritis, n = 92) and noninfectious inflammation (coronary artery bypass graft operation, n = 56) groups, according to their clinical status and laboratory results. Samples for cell counting and serum markers were collected on the same day of culture collection. VCS parameters were measured by Unicel DxH800 Coulter Cellular Analyzer (Beckman Coulter, USA). Results Mean neutrophil volume (MN-V-NE), was highest in the sepsis group [155(149-168)] compared to the localized infection [148(140-158)], chronic inflammation [144.5(142-149)] and noninfectious inflammation [149(145.2-153.7)] (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Neutrophil volume SD (SD-V-NE) was higher in the sepsis [21(18.8-23.7)], significantly differentiating sepsis from other groups. The area under curves of procalcitonin and hs-C-reactive protein were 0.846 and 0.837, respectively, in the receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC) . CPD combinations, (SD-V NE + SD-V LY + SD-V MO), (SD-V NE + SD-V MO), and (MN-V NE + SD-V NE + SD-C LY + SD-V MO) had greater AUC values than procalcitonin’s. Conclusion VCS parameters might be promising for differentiating sepsis and non-sepsis cases. Additionally, obtaining these data routinely makes their prospects promising without any additional cost and time.