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Rainfall patterns in Kalimantan are generally divided into 2 types, namely monsoonal and equatorial. The pattern can be determined by analyzing the 6-month frequency of rainfall signal. This analysis has been carried out on general data in Indonesia, but no one has yet examined it in detail in Kalimantan. Therefore, this study will analyze the 6-month frequency signal and rainfall patterns spatially and temporally in Kalimantan using TRMM 3B42RT as the main data. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method is applied to analyze the 6-month frequency of rainfall signal, while the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method is applied to reduce data and obtain the main pattern of rainfall in Kalimantan. The results of FFT analysis in 15 cities of Kalimantan show that the rainfall pattern in Samarinda, Sendawar, Tarakan, Tanjungselor, Malinau, Pangkalanbun, Pontianak, Ketapang, and Sintang are an equatorial type, while a monsoonal type appear in Balikpapan, Palangkaraya, Purukcahu, Banjarmasin, Kotabaru and Barabai. Moreover, based on the results of FFT and EOF analysis, most areas in West, East and North Kalimantan have an equatorial rainfall pattern. Meanwhile, most areas in Central and South Kalimantan have a monsoonal rainfall pattern.

Passive wearable exoskeletons are desirable as they can provide assistance during user movements while still maintaining a simple and low-profile design. These can be useful in industrial tasks where an ergonomic device could aid in load lifting without inconveniencing them and reducing fatigue and stress in the lower limbs. The SpringExo is a coil-spring design that aids in knee extension. In this paper, we describe the muscle activation of the knee flexors and extensors from seven healthy participants during repeated squats. The outcome measures are the timings of the key events during squat, flexion angle, muscle activation of rectus femoris and bicep femoris, and foot pressure characteristics of the participants. These outcome measures assess the possible effects of the device during lifting operations where reduced effort in the muscles is desired during ascent phase of the squat, without changing the knee and foot kinematics. The results show that the SpringExo significantly decreased rectus femoris activation during ascent (−2%) without significantly affecting either the bicep femoris or rectus femoris muscle activations in descent. This implies that the user could perform a descent without added effort and ascent with reduced effort. The exoskeleton showed other effects on the biomechanics of the user, increasing average squat time (+0.02 s) and maximum squat time (+0.1 s), and decreasing average knee flexion angle (−4°). The exoskeleton has no effect on foot loading or placement, that is, the user did not have to revise their stance while using the device.

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