A new method of phenol measurement based on cyclic voltammetry has been tried using Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm as a bioreceptor. The research is aimed at developing a new measurement for detecting phenol and related compounds using bacterial biofilm. Therefore, it can be further developed for in situ phenol and related compounds monitoring. The trial evaluated several variables, such as optimum pH value during measurement and biofilm development time. Measurement was conducted at a relatively low concentration (1 ppb – 1 ppm). Based on the obtained data, the optimum measurement was at pH 8 and on the 6th day of developing bacterial biofilm that produced the maximal electrical current. The analytical determination revealed that the sensitivity was at 0.0433 mA/ppm with an R2 value of 0.9208. The apparent limit of detection value was extrapolated around 0.1 ppm; thus, it is suggested that biofilm had potency for measuring phenol at low concentrations. However, this trial needs improvements on biofilm stabilization for broader measured phenol concentrations.

Antioxidants are very beneficial for health because they protect the body from the effects of free radicals on various degenerative diseases caused by food contamination, air pollution, sunlight, etc. In general, methods for measuring the capacity of antioxidants generally use accurate meth-ods such as spectrophotometry and chromatography. Still, it takes time, sample preparation and must be done in a laboratory with particular expertise. Therefore, a new, more practical method needs to be developed for determining antioxidants, namely the electrochemical method. The electrochemical method is promising to develop because it has several advantages, including high sensitivity and fast response. The electrochemical method discussed in this article reviews sensors, biosensors, and nanosensors. This paper comprehensively analyzes contemporary developments in electrochemical biosensor techniques and antioxidant evaluation methodologies. The discussion centers on utilizing multiple biosensors. Electrochemical biosensors have been determined to be prevalent in analyzing food quality, assessing active factor functionality, and screening practical components. The present study outlines the difficulties linked with electrochemical bio-sensor technology and provides insights into the potential avenues for future research in this domain.

Antioxidants are very beneficial for health because they protect the body from the effects of free radicals on various degenerative diseases caused by food contamination, air pollution, sunlight, etc. In general, methods for measuring the capacity of antioxidants generally use accurate meth-ods such as spectrophotometry and chromatography. Still, it takes time, sample preparation and must be done in a laboratory with particular expertise. Therefore, a new, more practical method needs to be developed for determining antioxidants, namely the electrochemical method. The electrochemical method is promising to develop because it has several advantages, including high sensitivity and fast response. The electrochemical method discussed in this article reviews sensors, biosensors, and nanosensors. This paper comprehensively analyzes contemporary developments in electrochemical biosensor techniques and antioxidant evaluation methodologies. The discussion centers on utilizing multiple biosensors. Electrochemical biosensors have been determined to be prevalent in analyzing food quality, assessing active factor functionality, and screening practical components. The present study outlines the difficulties linked with electrochemical bio-sensor technology and provides insights into the potential avenues for future research in this domain.