Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a disease caused by an increase in blood glucose levels, which is an increase in levels at an abnormal level, or called hyperglycemia. Diabetes is a metabolic disease related to various factors such as physical activity, lifestyle, habits, diet, etc. Diabetes mellitus is classified as type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and gestational diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is caused by the body's inability to use insulin effectively (insulin resistance). This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity and fasting blood glucose levels of T2DM patients to provide social change by increasing physical activity to control fasting blood glucose in patients with T2DM. Methods: This study is quantitative research of analytic observation with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was the outpatient T2DM at Endocrine Unit RSUD Dr Soetomo Surabaya from June until September 2018 consecutive sampling. The independent variable was physical activity, and the dependent variable was fasting blood glucose (FBG). Methods of collecting primary data by interview using IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and secondary data by looking at the results of FBG from the patient's medical records of laboratory tests. Collected data were entered into Microsoft excel and then statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS 22. Spearman’s Rho Correlation Test analyzed the data. Results: Sixty three respondents became in inclusion criteria. Most patients have a moderate physical activity of 28 people, or around 44.4%. Thirty-two people had poor fasting blood glucose levels of about 50.8%. The analysis result was there is a significant correlation between physical activity and fasting blood glucose levels of T2DM patients and a low correlation coefficient in the opposite direction (not in the same order). Conclusion: Physical activity impacts fasting blood glucose levels and has a negatively correlated direction. The increase in physical activity showed by the value of the IPAQ score, followed by a decrease in fasting blood glucose level.

A person with obesity has a high risk of getting a severe complication of COVID-19. This is related to the increasing of chronic illness cases caused by obesity. Obesity itself has been known to take part in the disruption of the human immune system. A person with obesity will be more susceptible to the infection and is suspected to be one of the risk factors that cause death in COVID-19. This study used observational analysis with a systematic review method and continued with Meta-Analysis. This study has been held at the Public Health Department of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, in July 2020. The data sources of this study come from online literature, such as published journals that match our inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria for this study were journals that study the relation of obesity and mortality in COVID-19 cases, journals with a cross-sectional design, journals that used samples age >18 y.o., and journals that used BMI as the obesity classification. Five journals matched our criteria and were analyzed in this study. Four of 5 journals show that there is a relationship between obesity and mortality of COVID-19. There are 2133 subjects with COVID-19, and 361 of them have obesity. There are 1861 subjects with COVID-19 who are not dead; 1567 of them don’t have obesity. An analytic study with a random effect model shows that obesity is the risk factor of mortality in COVID-19 cases (OR = 2.041; 95% CI 1.027-4.058). It also shows that there is a significant relationship between obesity and mortality in COVID-19 cases (p=0.042). Most journals analyzed with a systematic review and meta-analysis in this study show that obesity is the risk factor of mortality in COVID-19 cases.

Presbycusis is a progressive hearing loss which occurs at the age of 65. Communication difficulties caused by these problems are usually not understood or understood by people with normal hearing functions. Therefore, the understanding of these problems must be improved so that there is no gap between people with normal hearing and people with low hearing. The research method used is a quantitative descriptive research design carried out in a number of elderly care foundations. The data we share is in the form of pre-test and post-test questionnaires to elderly caregivers with hearing loss in order to evaluate the caregiver's understanding of the educational video. There was an increase in the understanding of the caregivers about how to communicate effectively based on the comparison of the scores from the pre-test and post-test final scores carried out before and after the education was given. Providing education to caregivers with educational video media provides effective results in increasing caregiver knowledge in this field. The formal caregiver group has better results than the informal caregiver group at 77.7% on the pre-test by formal caregiver and an assessment of 65% on the pre-test by informal caregiver. In the post-test assessment, the formal caregiver got a score of 87.7% and for the informal caregiver it was 90%. There is an increase in the post-test scores of the two caregiver groups after providing education through video media.