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Background:Narrowing of the intervertebral foramen for C5 root and a larger superior articular process in myelopathic patients with postlaminoplasty motor dominant C5 radiculopathy has been reported. We investigated whether the C4-5 foraminal dimensions and surface area in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy are universally smaller than the intervertebral foramina at other cervical levels.Methods:The study population consisted of 44 consecutive patients (sex: 24 males and 20 females), averaging 55.7 years of age (range 42-84) years who presented with clinical features suggestive of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Using computed tomography (CT) imaging, we prospectively compared height, transverse diameter, and surface area of the C4-5 foramen to those of C3-4, C5-6 and C6-7 foramina of the same side in the whole study population as well as in male and female patients.Results:In the whole study population at C4-5 intervertebral foramen the mean foraminal height was 8.37 ± 1.3 mm on the right and 8.85 ± 1.16 mm on the left; and the mean foraminal transverse diameter on the right was 4.97 ± 1.35 mm and 5.14 ± 1.16 mm on the left. No statistically significant difference was found between the measurements in the whole study population at various levels, between or within male and female patient groups.Conclusion:C4-5 intervertebral foramen is not uniformly smaller in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Background Hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) enormously affects the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. It causes weakness in the affected lower-extremity muscles in addition to muscle imbalance and inadequate power production, especially in the ankle plantar-flexor and knee extensor muscles. It also causes anomalous delayed myoelectrical action of the medial hamstring. A whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise can diminish muscle spasticity and improve walking speed, muscle strength, and gross motor function without causing unfavorable impacts in adults suffering from CP. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of WBV training associated with conventional physical therapy on the quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength, endurance, and power in children with hemiparetic CP. Results The post-intervention values of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle force, endurance, and power were significantly higher than the pre-intervention values for both groups (p = 0.001). The post-intervention values of the study group were significantly higher than the control group (quadriceps force, p = 0.015; hamstring force, p = 0.030; endurance, p = 0.025; power, p = 0.014). Conclusion The 8 weeks of WBV training that was added to traditional physical therapy was more successful in improving the quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength, endurance, and power in children with hemiparetic CP when compared to traditional physical therapy alone.

Background The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) as compared to dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in the evaluation of intraductal breast papilloma with histopathological correlation. This study is a retrospective study done on 45 consecutive patients. Their ages ranged between 36 and 70 years with a mean age of 51.1 ± 8.7. All of them were suspected to have intraductal papilloma on full-field digital mammography (FFDM), 3D automated breast ultrasound (3D-ABUS), and 2D handheld ultrasound (2DHHUS). CESM and DCE-MRI were done for all patients. The data were collected, tabulated, statistically analyzed using an IBM personal computer with Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS). Results There were 37 histopathology proven papillomas either by US-guided core needle biopsy, surgical biopsy following wire localization or fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Lesions are divided into three subgroups according to size. When the size of lesion > 10 mm MRI sensitivity and specificity is 100% and 66.7%, that of CESM is 90.1% and 0% respectively. In lesions sized 5–10 mm Sensitivity and specificity of MRI is 100% and 58% respectively and those of CESM are 63.6% and 50% respectively. Lesions less than 5mm MRI sensitivity and specificity is 100% and 0%, that of CESM was 0% and 100% respectively. Conclusion DCE-MRI has a significantly higher sensitivity than CESM for the diagnosis of intraductal papilloma whatever the size of the lesion, especially when the size is less than 5 mm.