Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ozonated gel, carbamide peroxide bleaching agent and polishing paste on the colour and surface topography of stained resin composite. Methods: Ninety disc-shaped resin composite specimens were used in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups of 30 specimens each according to the immersion solutions used, i.e., tea, cola or artificial saliva. Each group was further subdivided into three equal subgroups (n = 10) according to the type of whitening treatment applied; 30% carbamide peroxide, ozonated KY gel or polishing paste. Colour and surface roughness was measured at baseline, after immersion, also following whitening procedures by using a stereomicroscope. The results were recorded, tabulated and statistically analysed. Results:The colour values of artificial saliva displayed the highest statistically significant mean colour difference compared to cola and tea. However, there was no statistically significant difference in surface roughness. Also, a superior whitening effect was demonstrated with ozonated gel. Ozonated gel showed statistically significant lowest roughness compared to both carbamide peroxide and polishing paste. Conclusions: Immersion solutions have a positive influence on the colour of resin composite. Also, ozonated gel is an efficient bleaching agent with the least adverse effect on surface roughness.

The use of ozone gas is a viable adjunct to fluoride-containing desensitizers in enhancing tubular occlusion, but is not effective with oxalate desensitizers.

Objectives:The aim of this study is to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of probiotic-experimental-based mouthwash (MW) against Streptococcus mutans in vitro.Materials and Methods:Antimicrobial screening of two active additives (probiotic-zamzam) was tested against S. mutans using disc diffusion method. A total of three MWs; (1) an experimental MW base formula, (2) an experimental MW base formula with the two active additives, and (3) commercial MW (hexitol), were evaluated against S. mutans by well diffusion method after 24 h and 72 h storage period. The survival profile of probiotic strain in the experimental MW was determined using colony counting method as well as the pH changes at three intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and t-test to compare the inhibition zone diameter.Results:For active additives, probiotic strain exhibited higher mean inhibition zones values than zamzam water against S. mutans. Regarding the inhibition zones for the three tested MWs, the experimental MW showed significant increase in the inhibition zone after 72 h, while there was insignificant change with commercial MW. For probiotic count in MW, there was insignificant change in bacterial count after 24 h, and significant decrease after 15 days, followed by insignificant change after 30 days. For the pH values of the experimental MW, a statistically insignificant change was found after 24 h, significant decrease after 15 days and insignificant change after 30 days.Conclusions:The probiotic-zamzam experimental MW was effective in reducing S. mutans. Zamzam water could be considered as prebiotic ingredient. Therefore, the probiotic-zamzam MW has a potential therapeutic value.

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Aim: To evaluate clinically the color stability and patient satisfaction of polished versus glazed lithium disilicate glass ceramic restorations. Methodology: Twenty full coverage crowns were fabricated from IPS e. max press in the posterior area. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups according to the applied crown surface treatment. Group 1 (control group) 10 glazed crowns and Group 2 (intervention group) 10 polished crowns. ΔE was measured using Vita easyshade and patient satisfaction was evaluated through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), immediately after cementation and every two months for one year. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and t-test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed that the polishing technique had a statistically significant mean ΔE than glazing but both were clinically acceptable. Regarding the follow up period results showed that time had no statistically significant effect on mean ΔE values. There was also no statistically significant difference in patient satisfaction within each technique and at the different follow up times. Conclusion: Although polishing showed higher color change than glazing, it was clinically acceptable. Therefor polishing can be recommended as an alternative to glazing for IPS e.max crowns.