The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of fertilizers, plant protection products, increasing yields and applying quality based on the selection of soft wheat varieties. Reserve study in 2020-2021 on chernozem soils of Avangard LLC, Buinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The agrochemical characteristics of the soil of the experimental plot are as follows: in the presence of 0-20 cm of humus (7.0-8.5%), P2O5 - 182-255 mg/kg, K2O - 159-193 mg/kg and soil acidity (pHsalt) - 5.5-5.8. Chemical analyzes of soils were implemented in the Federal State Budgetary Institution, the Central Agrochemical Service “Tatarsky” for the impact of methods: humus content (GOST 26213-91), pHsol. (GOST 26484-85), R2O5 and K2O (GOST 26207-91). The meteorological conditions during the years of research differed sharply. In 2020, the HTC amounted to 1.18 during the growing season of spring wheat, and in 2021 - 0.37, which had a very negative impact on the formation of the spring wheat crop. In the years of research, such varieties as Yoldyz and Ekada 109 turned out to be the most early-ripening. The duration of the growing season in 2020 was 96-102 days, in 2021 - 86-88 days. On average, over two years, the varieties Ekada 109 turned out to be more responsive to fertilization, yield increase, compared to the natural background - 0.81 t/ha, Arkhat - 0.48 t/ha, Balkysh - 0.46 t/ha and Burlak – 0.45 t/ha. For 2020-2021, in relation to the standard variety, the maximum increase in yield was provided by the varieties Ekada 109 - 0.93 t/ha, Yoldyz - 0.46 and Burlak - 0.44 t/ha against an unfertilized background, and with the introduction of NRK - 1,5; 0.66 and 0.49 t/ha, respectively. Spring wheat grains with a high content of protein and a mass fraction of gluten were formed against the background of the use of fertilizers in such varieties as Ekada 109 - 14.3 -14.8 and 28.0-28.6%, Yoldyz - 14.0 - 14.2 and 26.0-26.3%, Burlak - 14.7-15.0 and 25.7-26.1%. The quality of gluten (according to IDK) in the same varieties on both backgrounds of nutrition, belonged to groups I-II.

The article presents the results of two-year experiments (2020-2021) conducted in the conditions of Volga region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The effect of mineral fertilizers on the content of the mass fraction of gluten and protein in wheat grain was studied. The productivity and grain quality of several wheat varieties included in the State Register for the 7th region were compared when using fertilizers at a dose of N10-14P24-26K16-37 and chemical plant protection products. It was found that from the application of fertilizers and the use of the plant protection unit, an increase in grain yield for the studied varieties was obtained from 0.32-0.92 t/ha compared with the control. The field experiment was conducted in LLC Avangard of Buinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The soil is leached chernozem and has the following agrochemical characteristics: humus content – 7.0-8.5%, mobile forms of phosphorus – 182-255 mg/kg, potassium – 159-193 mg/ kg and salt pH – 5.5-5.8. Agrochemical analyses of soils were performed in Federal State Budgetary Institution “Tatarskiy” by generally accepted methods: GOST 26213-91 (humus content), GOST 26484-85 (pHsol.), GOST 26207-91 (mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium). Meteorological conditions in 2020 were characterized by sufficient soil moisture and a moderate temperature regime during the growing season of spring wheat (GTK-1.28) and had a positive impact on the value of the future harvest. Meteorological indicators for the growing season of the research object in 2021 were extremely unfavorable for the formation of the crop. May and June were acutely arid, GTC-0.27. The precipitation in July (57% of the norm) did not have a significant impact on the formation of the spring wheat crop. From the application of fertilizers and the use of plant protection products, an increase in grain yield for the studied varieties from 0.32 to 0.92 t/ha was obtained compared to the variant without fertilizers and plant protection products. Improving the nutritional conditions of plants by applying mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the protein content of spring wheat grains and the protein content was 0.6 ... 0.8 higher, depending on the varietal characteristics of spring wheat, than on an unfertilized background. Under the conditions of chernozem soils of the Pre-Volga zone of the Republic of Tatarstan, the best results over the years of research were obtained in variants where the application of mineral fertilizers was combined with the use of plant protection products of such spring wheat varieties as Yoldyz, Burlak and Ekada 109. In the same variants, the highest protein content was noted in grain. The use of chemical protection against the background of mineral fertilizers in the varieties Yoldyz, Burlak, Ekada109 contributed to a significant increase in the gross collection of protein per unit area.

Studies to study the grain quality of the main varieties of spring wheat included in the state register in the 7th region were carried out in 2020-2021. under the conditions of Avangard LLC, Buinsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan, on chernozem soils typical for this zone with agrochemical characteristics: humus content - 7.0-8.5%, mobile forms of phosphorus - 182-255 mg / kg, potassium - 159-193 mg / kg and pH salt – 5,5-5,8. Agrochemical analyzes of soils were carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Institution CAS "Tatarsky" by generally accepted methods: GOST 26213-91 (humus content), GOST 26484-85 (pHsal.), GOST 26207-91 (mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium). The meteorological conditions of 2020 were characterized by sufficient soil moisture and moderate temperature conditions during the growing season of spring wheat (STC-1.28) and had a positive impact on the future yield and grain quality. Meteorological indicators for the growing season of the research object in 2021 were extremely unfavorable for the formation of the crop. May and June were extremely dry, HTC-0,17-0,27. In the Pre-Volga zone of the Republic of Tatarstan, under conditions of unstable moisture, the effect of fertilizers on the yield is very variable. In a dry year, the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers is insignificant: only such varieties as Ekada 109, Yoldyz and Burlak gave a significant increase in yield by 10.6-11.9%. Conducted observations, records and analyzes in 2020 and 2021 showed that fertilizers in combination with a plant protection unit provided a sustainable increase in grain quality indicators. On average, over 2 years, in the Yoldyz variety, compared with the control and the standard variety Simbirtsit, the amount of mass fraction of gluten increased by 3.5%, and in the Ekada 109 and Burlak varieties by 4,1 and 4,3%.

The article is devoted to the issue of comparative cultivation of spring wheat varieties of different breeding schools: Simbirtsit - GNU Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture; Yoldyz GNU Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture; Ekada 109 - GNU Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Penza Research Institute of Agriculture, Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Samara Research Institute of Agriculture; Balkysh - GNU Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture; Alvaris, Burlak - Penza Research Institute of Agriculture; Arhat - GNU Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture and Idelle - GNU Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture. Morphostructural indicators have varietal differences. On average, over three years, such varieties as Arkhat-91 cm, Balkysh - 73 and Ekada 109-72 cm turned out to be the tallest. In other varieties, this figure ranged from 67 to 71 cm. The largest number of spikelets in an ear, as well as the number of grains in an ear was formed in varieties Ekada 109, Yoldyz and Idelle. The largest leaf area per unit area on both feeding backgrounds was formed by varieties Ekada 109 – 33,2 ... 34,1 thousand m2 / ha and Arhat – 32,8 ... 33,5 thousand m2 / ha. Over the years of research, the yield of the tested varieties, both on the fertilized variant and on the natural background of nutrition, differed sharply. The most fruitful studies over the years have identified such indicators as Ekada 109 – 3,1 ... 5,79 t per ha, Burlak – 2,31 ... 4,91 and Yoldyz – 2,54 ... 4,3 application of fertilizers. The same varieties showed the best results on a natural background of nutrition. On average, over three years, the increase from different varieties was: in the variant without fertilizers, the variety Yoldyz 0,34 t/ha, Burlak 0,44 and Ekada 109 – 0,62 t/ha compared to the standard. On the variant with fertilizers 0,64; 0,97 and 1,24 t/ha, respectively.