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This study is an attempt to find out the effect of climate variables on respiratory, cardiovascular, vector-borne and diarrheal diseases from 2004-2013 carried out at Sir Sunder Lal hospital, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh with focus on eastern Uttar Pradesh. The study shows that cases of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) and Cardiovascular Disorders (CVD) didn’t show any significant relation with any of the climate variables. With increase of 1 C mean maximum monthly temperature the estimated decrease in number of Tuberculosis (TB) patients was 4 (95% CI = 4.95-3.05) while a 1C increase in minimum monthly temperature showed increase of TB patients by 4 (95% CI = 4.95-3.05). One percent increase of monthly averaged relative humidity is estimated to increase the one pneumonia patients (95% CI = 1.95-0.05) at any given month. One-degree increase in given monthly temperature will increase the load of one diarrhea patients (95% CI = 1.95-0.05) monthly.  Dengue and Malaria patients showed increasing monthly malaria cases by 5 (95% CI = 5.95-4.05) with 1C rise in minimum monthly temperature and by 1 patient (95% CI = 1.95-0.05) with increase in 1% relative humidity. Encephalitis showed an increase of one patient load (95% CI = 1.95-0.05) with monthly increase of 1C in maximum temperature. The study shows advance knowledge of health information, on timescales of seasons to decades ahead, would aid effective planning of health response measures and infrastructure at local and regional scale.

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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system is the best effective sustainable approach of protecting crops from the ravages of pests towards the goal of food sufficiency for the ever-increasing human population of the globe. IPM helps minimize reliance on chemical pesticides leading to elimination of several pesticide associated problems like environmental pollution, killing of non target organisms, residue problem, health hazards, development of resistant population of pest species, resurgence of pests, secondary pest outbreak and so on. Sustainability in crop production and protection can only be achieved by developing technologies that are based on locally available, easily acceptable and cost effective inputs. Therefore, development of new knowledge systems with emphasis on eco-friendly approaches and new IPM strategies are necessary to tackle the intensified pest-disease problems in the present time of climate change.The book contains twenty eight articles covering various aspects of crop protection. The topics cover fundamental as well as advanced and modern aspects of pest management. Here, an attempt has been taken to present some recent findings with review work in a manner considered suitable for the scientific community.We are thankful to the contributors for writing authoritative and informative articles for this volume. The opinions and text contained herein are those of the authors and we have tried to honour their ideas in the original shape. While dealing with such a voluminous work, errors are likely to occur despite best efforts. However, the onus of the technical contents rests with the contributors. This effort will definitely serve as an excellent reference material and also as a guide for research communities and students in the field of Agricultural science. We would very much appreciate receiving suggestions from readers so that shortcomings, if any, can be corrected in future editions.We are thankful to all the faculty members and especially to Dr. T.K. Maity, Principal, College of Agriculture, Tripura for their constant support and courage during this effort. We also highly appreciate the all-round co-operation and support of Sri Dipanjan Mukherjee, founder member of New Delhi Publishers for presenting and publishing this work with patience, care and interest.

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