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BACKGROUND:Astigmatism is a refractive error that accounts for 70% of refractive errors in the elderly population. It is important to be aware of the distribution, extent, and type of astigmatism in patients undergoing cataract surgery to guide in reducing postoperative spectacle dependency.AIM:To study the demography, amount, and pattern of astigmatism using partial coherence interferometry in patients of different age groups undergoing cataract surgery.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A cross-sectional observational study. Keratometry and demography data were collected for patients planned for cataract surgery at a tertiary care center between January 2018 and December 2019. It was done with noncontact partial coherence interferometry in patients above 50 years undergoing cataract surgery.RESULTS:Out of 385 patients, 216 (56%) were males and 169 (44%) were females. Astigmatism was more common in males than females (P= 0.00). Against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism was found in 262 cases (68%), while with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism was seen in 87 cases (23%). ATR was more common than WTR (P= 0.00). The number of patients with ATR seems to be increased with aging eyes and was more common between 61 and 70 years of age group (P= 0.00). The total amount of astigmatism increased with increasing age (P= 0.00029) which was found to be significant. Frthermore, there was a gradual change of WTR to ATR astigmatism with aging eyes.CONCLUSION:Two hundred and sixty-two cases (68%) had ATR astigmatism mainly seen in the age group of 61–70 years. Majority had astigmatism up to 1.0 D that can be easily managed by simple cost-effective keratorefractive procedures like on-axis incision, opposite clear corneal incision, and limbal relaxing incisions.

Mustard seeds have been reported to cause contact dermatitis and even second-degree burns over the exposed skin. However, there have been no previous case reports on mustard seed-induced toxic endotheliitis. Mustard seeds have toxic compounds such as glycosides. There have been few reports on insect sting causing ocular changes. However, there have been no case reports on toxic endotheliitis caused because of rubbing of the eye containing a small insect. We report two such cases of toxic endotheliitis with rare presentation. Both the cases presented with intense photophobia and blurred vision in the affected eyes. The first case had a history of rubbing of an insect inside the eye. The other case had a history of husking mustard harvest a few hours prior to the occurrence of symptoms.

Rifabutin is a known-drug prescribed for prophylaxis and treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and causes dose-related anterior uveitis in immunocompromised individuals, particularly, those infected with HIV. Previous studies have reported rifabutin-induced uveitis with high doses. It is infrequent with 300 mg/day or less; moreover, it takes weeks to months to develop. We report three HIV cases that on treatment with low-dose 300 mg rifabutin presented with anterior uveitis with early occurrence. Furthermore, one of the cases had rifabutin-induced panuveitis, another rarity. Thus, although rare, low-dose rifabutin-induced uveitis with early presentation should be kept as a differential diagnosis of unusual presentation of uveitis in HIV, early management of which prevents visual morbidity.