To provide the prevalence of complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in patients visiting the retina clinic in Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital and to evaluate their visual acuity (VA) status. A retrospective study in which the chart review was done of the patients diagnosed with PDR, attending the retina clinic in Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital. Patients with a diagnosis of type 1 or 2 diabetes with a clinical diagnosis of active PDR in any or both eyes, who had long term follow-up for up to at least 5 years were included. Evaluating the prevalence of the complications of PDR, presenting VA of people with PDR, short-term outcomes at 6 months and 5 years are the main outcomes of the study. The most common complication of PDR was diabetic macular edema (DME). Eyes receiving treatment early in the disease course (i.e. baseline VA 6/18 or better) had significantly better VA outcomes at 5 years versus eyes treated at a later stage (i.e. baseline VA <6/18 - ≥3/60). The treatment of patients with VA <3/60 can also lead to significant improvement in visual outcome. Our results suggest that early diagnosis and treatment of patients with PDR is of utmost importance in preventing severe vision loss due to advanced diabetic eye disease. People with diabetes in India need to be made aware of annual screening and treatment of their eyes to avoid vision impairment and blindness.

: To identify the prevalence of myopia and its risk factor among the school going children.Study sample included school going children between 5 and 16 years of age. We recorded degree of myopia by autorefractometer and streak retinoscopy after mydriasis, and students with refractive error of ≥-0.5 D for at least one eye were considered as myopic. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed.A total of 764 children were considered for the study. Prevalence of childhood myopia in hospital based study was 16.5 % with male to female ratio 53:47. Headache was most common complain for hospital visit. Most common age group affected was 7-12 and 13-16 years. In 18.53% of patients family history was present.Due to high magnitude of uncorrected myopia, it appears to be a public health problem both in urban areas, which suggest that an increase in outdoor activity may help to reduce the magnitude of the problem.

Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is basic investigation in a general ophthalmic workup. We attempt to determine the agreement in the measurement of IOP obtained by Goldman applanation tonometer, Perkin’s applanation tonometer, Non-contact tonometer in patients attending general ophthalmology OPD in a tertiary care centre in South India and its use in a community ophthalmology settingA cross-sectional analytical study in which IOP was measured in patients using the three tonometers. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using Ultrasonic pachymetry. Bland Altman analysis was done to evaluate the agreement between instruments. 800 eyes of 400 patients were included in the study. By Bland Altman method, Perkin’s tonometer was found to have better correlation to IOP obtained by Goldman applanation tonometer. Perkin’s tonometer was found to be most accurate when CCT was in the range of 501–550 microns and noncontact tonometer was found to be least accurate when CCT was greater than 600 microns. On comparing correlation at different age groups, both the methods had better correlation at <40 years age group.Both the tonometers showed a significant correlation with the gold standard technique GAT over a range of IOP and CCT with the Perkin’s tonometer better than the NCT. This study proves that Perkin’s tonometer can be recommended as a reliable screening tool in community outreach ophthalmology services. The twin advantages of portability and availability make the Perkin’s tonometer a popular choice among ophthalmology trainees and optometrists in a developing country like India.

To study the prevalence of dry eye disease among patients having migraine. A retrospective study review of patients who were known case of migraine headache in a tertiary hospital in 1yr from December 2019 to December 2020. A total of 400 patients were reviewed. Age ranged from 15 to 35 years. The mean age was 32 years. The study consisted of 400 patients, among which 200 patients were diagnosed to have migraine headache and 200 patients were taken as control. Total number of males included in the study were180 and females were 220. Total of 34 and 22 patients had a dry eye disease among case study group and controls respectively. The prevalence among study group was 17% and11% among the control study group. The prevalence among the case study group was found to be significantly higher compared to the control study group with p value<0.05. From the study conducted we come to a conclusion of prevalence of dry eye disease among patients having migraine headache is significantly higher compared to control study group and all the patients suffering from migraine should undergo dry eye evaluation.

To evaluate the effect of supplementation of Vitamin D in delaying the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and its use as a predictor for the severity of Diabetic Retinopathy. Materials and Methods: 100 patients with type 2 diabetes melitus and diabetic retinopathy were included in this retrospective study which was carried out at the vitreoretinal services, department of ophthalmology at DR B.R Ambedkar medical college and hospital over a period of 1 year. Results: Out of 100 patients, 59 were males and 41 were females. At 3 months, no progression noted in moderate, severe and very severe NPDR. However in control group 20% progressed to high risk PDR which is not found in cases. It was statistically significant (p value < 0.05). At 6 months progression to high risk PDR noted only in 2%of the cases but in 28% controls and even to progression to early PDR was increased to 12% in controls. It was statistically significant (p value < 0.05). Conclusions: From the results of the study we can conclude that oral supplementation of Vitamin D in addition to the recommended treatment with photocoagulation, delays the progression of severe, very severe and early PDR. Our study demonstrated that low levels of vitamin D may be a risk marker of development or progression of diabetic retinopathy.