Background: Menstrual irregularities and abnormal heavy menstruation account for up to 26-35% of women attending Gynecological outpatient Department. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB), it is more common at extremes of age endometrial hyperplasia occurs in 5-10% of patients with post-menopausal bleeding out of which atypical hyperplasia has 26-32 % risk of having malignancy in future. Therefore, endometrial sampling for histopathology is important in the assessment of abnormal uterine bleeding is mandatory. Our study was conductive to know the effectiveness of pipelle type devices, versus Dilatation and curettage in obtaining quality endometrial tissue for histopathological examination.Methods: The study was undertaken in Department of obstetrics and gynaecology along with department of Pathology at Rajarshi Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj, government medical college, Kolhapur after getting approval from the Hospital Committee on Clinical Research and Ethical Committee of the institution, during the period from October 2016 to March 2017 (six months). Total number of subjects included in study is Hundred after taking into consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: The ease of doing procedure was much easier as compared to D&C and the Tissue sample obtained for histopathological examination were as par D&C. It was concluded that histopathology report was available in 92 of the 100 pipelle samples and 93 of 100 D&C samples. It was also, observed that increased endometrial thickness was not always associated with adequate tissue diagnosis.Conclusions: Pipelle is simple, affordable, patient friendly can be easily performed with minimal training, which can be performed in Outpatient Gynaecological Department. The diagnostic value and positive predictive value of Pipelle is at par with conventional D&C. So, pipelle can be recommended for all perimenopausal patients with AUB to rule out various, premalignant and malignant conditions of the endometrium.

Background: The knowledge and awareness about breast feeding practices is influenced by educational qualification, type of family and support from the family. Till date in India under- 5 mortality rate is mostly due to improper nutrition to the children since birth and infectious diseases among children. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and awareness about breast feeding practices among urban women attending a tertiary care hospital Chennai, India. Methods: This hospital based; prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 antenatal women who visited a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. The data regarding the knowledge and awareness about breast feeding practices was collected. Results: Knowledge about breast feeding practices like time of initiation, food that facilitate the secretion of breast milk is more among educated mothers. The type of family also showed a significant effect on the awareness about breast feeding. Proper posture of breast feeding was also not known to most of the antenatal mothers. Conclusions: Antenatal women had poor knowledge about the posture of breast feeding, but awareness about the initiation of breast feeding, period of breast feeding and weaning period was satisfactory. Awareness about breast milk banking and storage of breast milk was also poor.

Introduction : About one fourth of pregnant women present with bleeding in the rst trimester .The four major sources of nontraumatic bleeding in early pregnancy are ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage (threatened, inevitable, incomplete, complete), implantation of the pregnancy, cervical, vaginal, or uterine pathology (eg, polyps, inammation/infection, trophoblastic disease). Although 50% of cases presenting with vaginal bleeding continue to have a normal healthy pregnancy, but the maternal anxiety about risk of miscarriage should be assessed and counselled. The present study is an overview of etiologies and evaluation of bleeding upto 12 weeks of gestational age. Aim:To evaluate the incidence and etiology of rst trimester bleeding. Objective: To correlate the association between rst trimester bleeding and miscarriage. Methodology:A retrospective study among pregnant women with rst trimester bleeding was conducted for a period of 1 year at Chettinad hospital and Research Institute.Detailed History taking and pelvic examination was done for 139 patients.Specic blood investigation along with Transvaginal USG probe 3-5 MHz was performed and appropriate treatment was given. Results: Out of 900 pregnant women attending the out patient (OP) over a period of one year, 139 patients presented with rst trimester bleeding , incidence being 15.44%. The present study suggest that 41.007% women had miscarriage following rst trimester bleeding . It is depicted that 20.14% of women had history of previous abortions and 12.23% had history of bleeding in previous pregnancy. The major cause of bleeding in the rst trimester in our study was threatened abortion (32.37%). Conclusion :We conclude that the present study helps in giving appropriate treatment to women presenting with rst trimester bleeding . Ultrasonography plays a key role in the diagnosis of cause of bleed . Early care and close monitoring will inevitably improve pregnancy outcome .

Several histopathological features are found more frequently in placentas from pregnancies complicated by foetal growth restriction (FGR), including villous infarction, maternal vascular changes and villous morphological alterations, although around one quarter of placentas associated with FGR lack any morphological abnormality on routine examination. So, our aim is to study various morphometric and morphological changes in placentae of small for gestational age babies. The correlation of various maternal parameters like height, age and parity with the foetal weight, placental weight, foeto-placental ratio (F/P) and placental coefficient (PC) and lastly to know whether each diseases process has any specific change in placentae.A prospective randomised control study was conducted from August 2016 to August 2018 in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology JSS Hospital Mysore Karnataka. The total number of deliveries during this period were 3430. Out of which 397 babies were diagnosed of having Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) Total number of 150 cases were studied out of which 100 placenta were from IUGR group (study group) and the remaining 50 placenta from healthy full term pregnancies(Control group). The incidence of IUGR in our study was 11.6%. The commonest maternal cause for IUGR was anaemia 43%, followed by 18 % cases of preeclampsia and in 37% cases cause was Idiopathic. Maternal characters such as age, parity, and height were studied in relation to foetal outcome. An increase in the birth weight and placental weight was found with an increase in maternal age, height as well as parity. The mean placental weight in IUGR group was 484 grams while in control group was 520 grams. The average surface area in placentae in study group was 200.96 sq.cms. While in control group was 254 sqcms.

To determine the incidence of preterm labour and also to determine the incidence and various cause of Morbidity and Mortality in the perinatal period. A prospective study of patients in preterm labour (delivered > 28 weeks and prior to 37 completed weeks) admitted to the obstetrics department of JSS Hospital Mysore Karnataka. Which is tertiary teaching hospital. The study was conducted between February 2012 to January 2014. Total number of deliveries during the period were 3209 out of which the number of preterm deliveries were 241 which fulfilled our study criteria. Immediately. Following delivery, the following features of baby noted like Sex, weight, APGAR score at 1 and 5-minute, immediate complications, congenital Anomaly, birth injury, gestational age, as assessed by the paediatrician based on modified Ballard scoring. Babies and mother followed up for a period of 7 days. Baby examined for the detection of any complication which were managed accordingly.During the study the various risk facters associated with preterm labour were also determined in detail and the correlation of the risk factors to antenatal care, maternal age, parity, presentation and lie, mode of delivery, indication of caesarean sections was studied in detail. So, this study we studied the behavioural pattern of the mother and baby towards preterm labour in detail. The data collected as mentioned above were analysed using appropriate statistical methods. The total number of preterm deliveries were 241 out of the total number of 3269 deliveries in the period of 2 years of the study. Therefore, the incidence of preterm labour was 7.4%. Out of which the total number of preterm spontaneous labour cases were180 (74.7%) and total number of elective preterm delivery were 61 (25.3%). The total number of mortalities during the perinatal period was 82 which accounts of perinatal mortality of 30%. Out of which the total number of stillbirths were 28 (34%) and total number of early neonatal deaths were 54 (66%).To conclude it was seen that preterm labour was associated with high occurrence of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The main causes were found due to birth asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome and septicaemia. Preterm labour was more common in primigravida with preterm premature rupture of membrane as triggering factors. Preterm babies were born with number of physiological handicaps and thus predisposed to a large number of pathological conditions which needs anticipation and prompt treatment. Thus, timely identification of the risk factors and prompt treatment would help to bring down the incidence of preterm labour and hence its perinatal mishap. And lastly improvement of health care services and good neonatal intensive care unit are the cornerstone in the management of preterm births.