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In a large-scale pre-registered survey experiment with a representative sample of more than 8,000 Americans, we examine how the COVID-19 pandemic causally affects people's solidarity and fairness. We randomly manipulate whether respondents are asked general questions about the crisis before answering moral questions. By making the pandemic particularly salient for treated respondents, we causally identify how the crisis changes moral views. We find that the crisis makes respondents more willing to prioritize society's problems over their own problems, but also more tolerant of inequalities due to luck. We show that people's moral views are strongly associated with their policy preferences for redistribution. The findings suggest that the pandemic may alter the moral and political landscape in the United States and, consequently, the support for redistribution and welfare policies.

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This chapter reviews the experimental research on fairness and income inequality. It first provides a brief overview of the normative literature that has inspired the growing experimental literature on fairness and distributive behavior, and then proceeds to outline a theoretical framework for interpreting the experimental evidence. The experimental literature has shown two important heterogeneities in people's fairness preferences; people differ in the weight they attach to fairness and in what they perceive as fair and unfair inequalities. In the study of the pluralism of fairness views, the experimental literature has largely focused on