Highlights: Human effects on ecological connectivity in aquatic ecosystems are reviewed. 40 Threats include: habitat loss, altered hydrology, invasive species, climate change. Case studies show improved understanding from multi-disciplinary approaches. Data on autecology, population structure, movement and physiology are critical. Planning requires data synthesis across life histories and temporal/spatial scales. AbstractUnderstanding the drivers and implications of anthropogenic disturbance of ecological connectivity is a key concern for the conservation of biodiversity and 50 ecosystem processes. Here, we review human activities that affect the movements and dispersal of aquatic organisms, including damming of rivers, river regulation, habitat loss and alteration, human-assisted dispersal of organisms and climate change.Using a series of case studies, we show that the insight needed to understand the nature and implications of connectivity, and to underpin conservation and 55 management, is best achieved via data synthesis from multiple analytical approaches.We identify four key knowledge requirements for progressing our understanding of the effects of anthropogenic impacts on ecological connectivity: autecology; population structure; movement characteristics; and environmental tolerance/phenotypic plasticity. Structuring empirical research around these four 60 broad data requirements, and using this information to parameterise appropriate models and develop management approaches, will allow for mitigation of the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on ecological connectivity in aquatic ecosystems.

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The natural cembranolide sarcophine (3) and its lactone ring-opened analogue (10) were oxidized using selenium dioxide under different reaction temperatures to prepare hydroxylated derivatives. Nine new compounds were obtained, six of them targeted hydroxylated derivatives. The determination of regio- and stereochemistry as well as the mechanistic considerations on the selectivity observed in these reactions are discussed on the basis of 2D NMR and molecular modeling. In preliminary in vitro tests on inhibition of EBV-EA activation, compounds 10 and 12-15 have shown higher activity than the known chemopreventive agent sarcophytol A.