This study examined the psychosocial adjustment of children with asthma compared to children with diabetes, with cancer, and healthy children and the role of functional status in psychosocial adjustment. The total sample included 100 children, aged 8-16 years, (mean = 11.5 years), consisting of 48 boys and 52 girls. Children with asthma scored significantly higher on measures of affective adjustment (depression and internalizing behavior), significantly lower on self-esteem, and evidenced significantly greater functional impairment. Children with cancer missed significantly more school days. After controlling for functional status, no significant differences remained in affective adjustment but absences remained significantly higher for the children with cancer.

Until recently, we in the health care field have been a bit "hearing impaired" about pain in children. Infant boys are circumcised, chest tubes are inserted in neonates, IVs are started, bloods are drawn, and spinal taps performed with no or inadequate analgesia. This occurs in spite of the availability of pain management strategies for most situations.We do, however, appear to be turning the corner. There are now several comprehensive reviews on pediatric pain management (1 -4) and two recent books published on this topic (5, 6 ) . In addition, the First International Symposium on Pediatric Pain was held in Seattle, Washington, July 22-24, 1988. It is important that we use this growing body of knowledge in our daily practice with children. Nurses are important advocates for children in the health care system and can work with medical and allied health colleagues to insure that children are provided needed pain relief.We are pleased to present this issue on pediatric pain assessment and management. The contributing authors were asked to approach their specific topics from a developmental perspective that acknowledges the complexities and unique aspects of pain assessment and management in children. They were also asked to stimulate interest in research on pediatric pain and offer practical suggestions for nurses who are attempting to help relieve pain and suffering in children. The authors have done an admirable job of meeting these requirements.Beginning with assessment, Ross and Ross describe available instruments for use in assessing pain in children. Eland discusses pharmacologic management of pain, as well as the nurse's role in advocacy for appropriate pain management. Patterson and Ware discuss how we can help children cope with painful medical procedures. Chronic pain associated with selected chronic diseases is addressed by Varni and Walco.