Deletions of 2p11.2-p12 are exceedingly rare with few reported cases.1,2 Most patients display a mild-to-moderate developmental delay and intellectual disability. Additional manifestations are happy disposition, tendency to obesity, and minor dysmorphic features, such as short stature, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, or large low-set ears. Occasionally congenital malformations are present, such as chest and spine abnormalities, urogenital malformations, or atrial septal defect.1 In this study, we report a patient presenting with early-onset atypical parkinsonism carrying a heterozygous 3.9-Mb deletion on 2p11.2.

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Our clinical series comprises 124 patients with movement disorders (MDs) and/or ataxia with cerebellar atrophy (CA), many of them showing signs of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Ten NBIA genes are accepted, although isolated cases compatible with abnormal brain iron deposits are known. The patients were evaluated using standardised clinical assessments of ataxia and MDs. First, NBIA genes were analysed by Sanger sequencing and 59 patients achieved a diagnosis, including the detection of the founder mutation PANK2 p.T528M in Romani people. Then, we used a custom panel MovDisord and/or exome sequencing; 29 cases were solved with a great genetic heterogeneity (34 different mutations in 23 genes). Three patients presented brain iron deposits with Fe-sensitive MRI sequences and mutations in FBXO7, GLB1, and KIF1A, suggesting an NBIA-like phenotype. Eleven patients showed very early-onset ataxia and CA with cortical hyperintensities caused by mutations in ITPR1, KIF1A, SPTBN2, PLA2G6, PMPCA, and PRDX3. The novel variants were investigated by structural modelling, luciferase analysis, transcript/minigenes studies, or immunofluorescence assays. Our findings expand the phenotypes and the genetics of MDs and ataxias with early-onset CA and cortical hyperintensities and highlight that the abnormal brain iron accumulation or early cerebellar gliosis may resembling an NBIA phenotype.