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posterior wall of the viscus. The esophagus was itself greyish in colour and had the appearance of chamoisleather. The perforation was closed with one pursestring suture of catgut. A drainage tube was inserted in the right pleural cavity and the incision in the chest wall was closed. During the operation the patient was given two pints of blood and at the end her condition was relatively good. The drainage tube was connected with a suction apparatus and she was put on a course of systemic penicillin of 20,ooo units three-hourly. After the operation her condition rapidly improved. (Fig. 234.) A small amount of liquid was drained from the pleura but the esophagus did not leak. She was put on a diet consisting mainly of liquids and given magnesium trisilicate by mouth. She was nursed in the sitting position.PRoGRESS.-Eight days after the operation she developed a sharp attack of asthma and on this day there was a small leak from the esophagus. A Ryle's tube was passed and she was fed with a continuous drip of citrated milk. Her condition again improved and there was no further leak from the esophagus into the right pleural cavity; but on March 26 radiographs showed a collection of liquid with a fluid level in the left side of the mediastinum and her condition again began to deteriorate (Fig. 235). This abscess was drained by a left costo-transversectomy and a fair-sized pocket was opened. At the same operation the abdominal cavity was opened and an enterostomy performed. Two days later her condition had again improved and after a short time it was possible to remove the enterostomy tube.By May 21 she was completely convalescent and a barium swallow showed no definite abnormality of the esophagus. There was no obstruction and no difficulty in swallowing. The right lung had expanded completely but a small patch of infiltration, which was thought to be tuberculosis, appeared in the right mid-zone (Fig. 236). During the next two months her condition remained excellent but, during this time, she developed an abscess in the right upper lobe of the lung which discharged spontaneously into the bronchus and which never caused her any serious illness. She has no signs or symptoms referable to the lungs, esophagus, or abdomen. (Fig. 237.) This case is, I believe, the first in which spontaneous perforation of the oesophagus has been operated upon successfully.

Anthropometry is a series of systematize measuring techniques that express quantitatively the dimensions of human body and skeleton which shows variation according to age, gender and race. The identification of an individual by age and sex possesses difficulty in revealing its identify. Various parameters have been used to establish the identification of individuals. Anthropometry of external features of the pinna is one of them.Objective: The aim of study to differentiate the morphometric features of external ear among males and females and also between the right and left ear in each gender. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 students which consist of 62 males and 58 female MBBS students with the age between 18-25 years in Rama Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Kanpur. Following anthropometric parameters used were: Height of ear (HE), Width of ear (WE), lobular height (LH), Lobular width (LW), Auricular index (AI) and Lobular index (LI).Results: In the present study, that all the parameters of right ear slightly greater than left ear among male population except LW and LI. All the parameters of left ear slightly greater than right ear among female population except HE and WE. The mean of HE,WE and AI of right ear slightly greater than left ear among combined (male + female) population whereas LH, LW and LI which were slightly lesser on right side than left side. All the parameters of external ear greater in males than female except LH on both sides which were greater in females than males. Conclusion:This anthropometric study is useful in the plastic reconstructive surgeries to correct the deformities and also useful in making the hearing aids or prosthesis, ear phones and head phones.

Background- National Medical Commission has made the mandate of 75% class attendance as eligibility criteria to appear in professional university examinations. Which has given the importance to class attendance, through which the student can improve his academic performance and score good marks in exams also. It is notice that students shown the disinterest in class lectures rejoining the college after COVID-19. Aims And Objectives-The purpose of the present study was to analyze the causes of disinterest in lectures which is resulting to low attendance and substandard performance. Material And Methods- This descriptive, cross‑sectional study of student’s absenteeism was conducted on 580 students from phase 1 to phase III MBBS students of SARASWATI MEDICAL COLLEGE UNNAO, India. During the year 2021. After the consent from institutional Medical Education Unit. The response was collected through a structured, pretested questionnaire. Result was concluded on Likert scale and SPSS 22 software. result- The results showed that major reasons for student disinterest were long class room study hours (mean 3.95), target based post graduate studies (mean 3.78), teaching ability of faculty (mean 3.72), social media (3.58), you-tube and online studies (mean 3.39), ill‑health (mean 2.57), over confidence (mean 2.81), other factors (mean 2.23).