Young mycelia were white and almost hyaline, but inconspicuous zonations were recorded in other cultures. The mycelium was mostly flat and submerged into the substratum. Hyphae were thin-walled and of different diameters ranging from 0.7 to 3.5 mm. The hyphae were highly interwoven, often adhered together and gave the appearance of simple intertwined cords. The hyphae often showed anastomoses and were irregularly septated. They often intertwined and overlapped each other. In older cultures and on the root surface, hyphae were often irregularly inflated, showing a nodose to coralloid Plant Surface Microbiology A. Varma, L. Abbott, D. Werner, R. Hampp (Eds.)

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Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a common, life threatening neurologic disorder that is essentially an acute, prolonged epileptic crisis. SE can represent an exacerbation of a pre-existing seizure disorder, the initial manifestation of a seizure disorder, or an insult other than a seizure disorder.Objectives: To study the aetiology, clinical profile, and outcome of SE in pediatric age group.Setting and study design: Prospective study at a tertiary care medical college hospital in Bihar, India. Materials and methods:Study was carried out for a period of one year (from April 2008 to March 2009). Seventy patients of SE in the age group of six month to 12 years were included in the study. Clinical history, general and systemic examination and relevant investigations along with pretested questionnaire were used to categorise different variables. Independent t-test was used for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.Results: Mean age for the study population was found to be 5.94 years (SD=3.152). Preponderance of male (60%) over female (40%) was observed. Aetiology included Idiopathic (27.14%), remote symptomatic (20%), acute symptomatic (47.14%), febrile (2.86%) and progressive encephalopathy (2.86%) groups. Generalised tonic clonic convulsion (GTC) convulsion was observed in 91.4% of SE patients while 8.6% had partial SE. Eighteen patients (25.7%) had prior history of convulsion whereas 52 patients (74.3%) presented with SE as first episode of convulsion. In our study, mortality rate was found to be 31.4% and acute symptomatic causes were responsible for most of the deaths.Conclusion: SE is a severe life threatening emergency with substantial morbidity and mortality. Patients with younger age and male sex are slightly more vulnerable to develop SE. Longer duration of SE and acute symptomatic aetiologies are independent predictors for poor outcome.

BACKGROUND: Self-medication is the treatment of common health problems with medicines that are taken an patient's own initiative or on advice of a pharmacist, without professional supervision. It is now becoming a common practice in many countries mainly due to lack of access to health care, easy availability of OTC drugs in market and poor drug regulatory practices. OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge and practices of self-medication among medical students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the students of GMC Jammu in August 2011, after faking approval from IEC. A 16-item, open-ended, pretested questionnaire was administered to students. Data was then analysed using SPSS version 12 and results expressed as counts and percentages. RESULTS: A total of 282 students participated in the study, among which 96 were from 1st semester, 88 from 3rd and 98 from 6th semester. Knowledge of self-medication was adequate in 68% of 1st semester, 81 % of 3rd and 87% of 6th semester students.85% of respondents from 1st semester, 79% from 3rd and 78% from 6th practised self-medication. CONCLUSION: Since seniors hod better knowledge of drugs , self medication was practised less as compared tb juniors. There is a need to review educational programs especially clinical pharmacology, focusing on rational use of drugs. JMS 2012;15(2):141-44

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