Background: Umbilical artery Doppler indices in relation to fetal outcome in high risk pregnancy. The aim of this study was to study the umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry in predicting the fetal outcome in high risk pregnancy. This is a prospective study done over a period of 1 year in Silchar Medical College and Hospital from 1st September 2011 to 31st August 2012. 100 women with singleton pregnancy with high risk admitted in SMCH were subjected to umbilical artery Doppler along with morphology and biometry scan after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Methods: 100 women with high risk pregnancy were evaluated by umbilical artery velocimetry between 28 and 41 weeks of pregnancy. Outcome of pregnancy was recorded for the normal Doppler group (n = 79; 79%), the low-end diastolic flow group (n = 19; 19%) and the group with absent/reversed diastolic flow (n = 2; 2%).Results: Mothers with abnormal velocimetry had more number of caesarean sections than those with normal velocimetry. The diagnosis to delivery interval, gestational age at delivery and average birth weight were comparatively lower with higher incidence of admission to neonatal intensive care unit in foetuses with abnormal umbilical Doppler velocimetry. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Doppler for detecting abnormal fetal outcome were 43%, 83%, 33% and 88% respectively. Statistical analysis used: sensitivity, specificity and predictive values.Conclusions: Fetuses with normal flow velocimetry are at lower risk than those with abnormal velocimetry in terms of poor Apgar score and neonatal intensive care admission. The average birth weight of the neonates with abnormal Doppler studies was lower than that of neonates with normal velocimetry. Doppler velocimetry studies of umbilical artery can provide the obstetrician important information regarding fetal wellbeing to help him improve fetal outcome.

To study Pap smear screening with follow up of all abnormal reports with colposcopy and biopsy. Setting and design: This is a retrospective study conducted on 1980 patients to evaluate all previously conducted cervical smears of patients who attended the Obstetrics and Gynaecology outpatient department at the teaching tertiary care hospital during the period August 2014 to September 2017 for a period of 3 years. Pap smear is done in all OPD patients as a part of routine screening. Materials and methodology: Pap smear is done in all OPD patients as a part of routine screening. We analysed all pap smears from August 2014 to September 2017 for a period of 3 years. The cytological interpretation of the smears was made according to Bethesda system. We also analysed subgroups of abnormal reports. Abnormal pap smears were subjected to colposcopy guided cervical biopsies for histopathological examination. Results: Pap smear was taken in 1980 patients over a period of 3 years. Of the 1545 (78.9%) abnormal cases, only 136 cases were reported to have epithelial cell abnormality. The age range of patients with epithelial cell abnormality was 20 to 70 years and the mean age was 44.1 years. The diagnosis of the 136 abnormal cases revealed 13 cases with ASC-US, 106(5.3%) cases of LSIL, 14 (0.7%) of HSIL, 3(0.1%) cases of malignancy. 336(16.9%) smears were reported normal cases and 99 (5 %) smears were unsatisfactory or inadequate samples. A total of 64 had colposcopy abnormalities and required biopsy. Of which 3 were diagnosed of chronic cervicitis, 21 were CIN 1, 23 Were CIN II, 5 were CIN III, 12 cases were of frank malignancy, most common being squamous cell carcinoma 11 cases and adenocarcinoma in 1 case. Conclusion: Pap smear is a noninvasive, simple procedure deserves to be implemented as a routine screening test in OPD. This has aided in early diagnosis of pre-malignancy and malignancy. Histopathological examination is correlating well with Pap smear and clinical presentation.