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Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various organic (carboxylic and amino) acids on the uptake and translocation of root-absorbed cadmium by wheat (Triticum vulgare) plants grown in sand and soil culture. Statistically significant increases in cadmium accumulation from cadmium treated plants in the presence of increasing concentration of organic acids suggest the existence of Cd-organic acid interactions in the soilplant system resulting into the formation of organically bound cadmium which is mobile and plant available. Separate experiments were performed to synthesise and estimate the various forms of organically bound cadmium. The chemical nature of the organically bound form was ascertained by electrophoretic experiments. Amino acids were less effective in the mobilisation of cadmium compared to carboxylic acids. The results are discussed on the basis of the potential of organic acids to form complexes with cadmium

A field experiment on chrysanthemum cv. Birbal Sahni was conducted for revealed the Effect of NPK on vegetative growth, flowering and yield of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Ramat) at Department of Horticulture, C. C. S. University, Meerut, U.P., India for the field investigation with optimum amount of inorganic fertilizers with three increasing levels of NPK i.e. N1 (100 kg N2 + 60 kg P2O5 + 40 kg K2O/ ha), N2 (150 kg N2 +120 kg P2O5 + 80 kg K2O/ ha) and N3 (200 kg N2 + 180 kg P2O5 + 120 kg K2O/ ha). Maximum plant height (cm), plant spread (cm), diameter of main stem (cm), number of leaves/ plant, number of branches/ plant, number of flowers/ plant, flower weight/ plant (g), Flower yield (q/ ha), shelf life (days) observed with amount of N3 (200 kg N2 + 180 kg P2O5 + 120 kg K2O/ ha) spread (cm). The minimum days recorded for days taken to appearance of first flower bud and days taken to flowering and also NPK level N3 significantly affected the flower stalk length (cm) and flower size (cm) in chrysanthemum cv. Birbal Sahni during the investigation.

Pot experiments (sand and soil cultures) have been conducted to investigate the effect of various organic (carboxylic and amino) acids on mobilization of soil cadmium in the tomato plant (Lycopersicum esculentum). Statistically significant increases in plant Cd enrichment in the presence of increasing organic acid supplementation, suggest the existence of Cd^organic acid interactions in the rhizosphere environment of the plant. Higher cadmium accumulation (bioavailability) from organic acid treatments is discussed on the basis of the potential of organic acids to form complexes with cadmium. Amino acids are found to be less effective in the mobilization of Cd compared to carboxylic acids. Separate experiments are performed to synthesize and estimate different forms of organically bound cadmium, using a combination of radiotracer Cd-115m and ion exchangers [Dowex-50, Dowex-1 and XAD-2 resin]. The chemical nature of organically bound cadmium has been ascertained by electrophoretic assay.