Simple, selective and highly detectable spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the determination of Lidocaine hydrochloride in standard and commercial solutions .The method is based on the formation of a soluble colored Lidocaine hydrochloride-eriochrome black T ion-pair complex at pH 1.80. The colored complex was extracted quantitatively into chloroform and measured at 508 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 0.10-10 mg L -1 with molar absorptivity of 2.3623 x10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 .The limits of detection and quantification were 0.024 mg L -1 , and 0.100 mg L -1 respectively. Using Job's continuous variations method, the stoichiometry of the ion-pair complex was found to be 1:1. Intra-day accuracy and precision of the method were estimated with a relative error (0.57%), and the relative standard deviation (0.25-1.23). This developed method has been successfully employed to determine concentration of Lidocaine hydrochloride in injection and spray without interference by the common co-formulated substances.The numerical results obtained using both proposed and official methods were in concordance with each other.

Background and objective: Patients on blood transfusion may develop complications related to iron overload and the effects of chelating agents (drugs), which adversely affect the liver in thalassemia, which is a genetic blood disorder of hemoglobin synthesis that causes severe anemia. This study aimed to assess the effect of deferasirox and deferoxamine drugs on liver enzyme activities (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase), and serum ferritin level in β_thalassemic patients. Methods: This study was carried out in Erbil city from October 2017 to February 2018. Blood specimens were collected in Hawler thalassemia center and Raparin hospital. The samples included 105 individuals; 70 β-thalassemic patients (35 treated by deferasirox as group A and 35 treated by deferoxamine as group B), and 35 healthy individuals (control group C). Results: The serum aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities in β-thalassemic patients were higher than that of controls. The serum alanine transaminase activity in the patients' groups showed non-significant elevation than that of controls. The serum ferritin level in the patients was significantly higher than that of controls. Conclusion: Our finding showed that both deferasirox and deferoxamine drugs affect liver enzymes and increase ferritin level. Keywords: β-thalassemia; Deferasirox; Deferoxamine; Liver enzymes; Ferritin.

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A simple, rapid, and sensitive flow injection spectrophotometric system fordetermination of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in pharmaceuticalproducts. The method is based on diazotization of 2-aminopyridine andsubsequent coupling with tetracycline hydrochloride in alkaline medium. Theformed azo-dye showed maximum absorbance at 388 nm and the calibrationcurve in the linear range of 25.0-150.0 µg/ml of tetracycline hydrochloridewith correlation coefficient 0.9988, while the detection limit was 10 µg/mland sample frequency 123 samples/hour. The accuracy and precision data fordetermination of TCH by flow injection analysis method for triplicate injectionat three concentration levels(25, 80 and 150 µg/ml) the relative standarddeviation (RSD %) are 1.04, 0.247 and 1.75%, and relative error percent (E rel )are -3.92, +1.06 and -1.9%. The proposed method was successfully applied tothe determination of tetracycline hydrochloride in pharmaceutical products.The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained byreference method.

An extraction-spectrophotometric technique has been applied and approved for the estimation of orphenadrine citrate in the presence of paracetamol in a binary synthetic mixture and in combined drugs. The procedure is built on the formation of a soluble red colour orphenadrine citrateeriochrom black T (EBT) ion pair complex at pH 1.40, while the paractamol not paired. The produced red colour ionpair complex was extracted with chloroform and showed maximum absorption at 509 nm. For quantitative evaluation Beer's law applied to plot the absorbance against concentration, the relation was a linear in the concentration range of 0.10-6.00 µg/ mL with the molar absorptivity 4.4025 x10 4 L / mol. cm. The limit of detection and limit quantification were 0.024 µg/ mL, and 0.100 µg/ mL respectively. The intra-assay precision evaluated in terms of % relative standard deviation (RSD) (< 2%). And accuracy was validated with % recovery (98.8-102.5%). The results showed that orphenadrine citrate could be determined successfully in the combined tablet without interference by paracetamol and other common co-formulated substance.