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Code authorship attribution is the process of identifying the author of a given code. With increasing numbers of malware and advanced mutation techniques, the authors of malware are creating a large number of malware variants. To better deal with this problem, methods for examining the authorship of malicious code are necessary. Code authorship attribution techniques can thus be utilized to identify and categorize the authors of malware. This information can help predict the types of tools and techniques that the author of a specific malware uses, as well as the manner in which the malware spreads and evolves. In this article, we present the first comprehensive review of research on code authorship attribution. The article summarizes various methods of authorship attribution and highlights challenges in the field.

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Abstract-A zero-day attack poses a serious threat to the Internet security as it exploits zero-day vulnerabilities in the computer systems. Attackers take advantage of the unknown nature of zero-day exploits and use them in conjunction with highly sophisticated and targeted attacks to achieve stealthiness with respect to standard intrusion detection techniques. Thus, it's difficult to defend against such attacks. Present research exhibits various issues and is not able to provide complete solution for the detection and analysis of zero-day attacks. This paper presents a novel hybrid system that integrates anomaly, behavior and signature based techniques for detecting and analyzing zero-day attacks in real-time. It has layered and modular design which helps to achieve high performance, flexibility and scalability. The system is implemented and evaluated against various standard metrics like True Positive Rate (TPR), False Positive Rate (FPR), FMeasure, Total Accuracy (ACC) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The result shows high detection rate with nearly zero false positives. Additionally, the proposed system is compared with Honeynet system.