Objective: Infertility has been known to cause serious social and emotional problems in India. Microorganisms may be a primary cause for this infertility. This study was carried out to know the prevalence of microorganisms in the infertility couples of a tertiary caring teaching hospital. Methods:One thousands of couples were screened for the infertility test presented at the outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.The suspected infertility couples were tested for microbial contamination in their reproductive sample. Simultaneously, the demographic data of all patients were documented, and all the data were analyzed with SPSS 20 software.Result: From one thousand couples, 288 couples were found infertility symptoms, whereas 67.71% were primary infertility problems and rest were secondary. It is due to male factor (27.08%), female factor (50%), and both (4.86%) but 18.05 were unexplained. From vaginal swabs, 186 and semen 145 microbial colony were grown. However, Chi-square (χ 2 ) showed that there is no significant difference between the growth of microbial colony from semen or vaginal swap as p=0.06. Eight varieties of bacteria (387) and Candida albicans (37) were documented. Conclusion:With respect to older ages of the infertile couples, it is more chances to infections. Antibiotic should be prescribed to primary infertility couples and infections can be avoided the cross transmission during intercourse.

Introduction: In developing countries like India, low birth weight is a major public health issue. It is a leading cause of disease and mortality in infants. Low birth weight can be avoided by identifying at-risk pregnant women and taking the necessary precautions. Methods: From January to June 2019, a facility based retrospective case control study was conducted among pregnant women who gave birth at the hospitals. The information was gathered from the antenatal care files and the delivery room register and records. SPSS version 24.0 was used to process the data. To find an independent predictor of low birth weight, researchers used binary and multiple bivariate logistic regressions. Result: An aggregate of 450 neonatal birth records were reviewed in this study of which 150 were low birth weight babies and 300 were of normal birth weight. The mean ± SD and median [IQR] for birth weight of case group was [2.0±0.4kg, 2.2[1.8-2.4] kg] and that for control [3.1±0.4kg, 3.0[2.7-3.3] kg] respectively. Conclusion: Preterm delivery, mothers with hypothyroidism have an increased chance of having low birth weight babies whereas mothers with regular antenatal check-up and mothers with primary and secondary education have a lesser possibility of having low birth weight babies.

Introduction: Adnexal masses are a common entity in gynaecological practice. These masses may be benign or malignant, tubal or ovarian or both. Clinician must be aware of their differential diagnosis to triage the patients and ensure optimum therapeutic approach. Objective: The objective of this study were to analyse the diverse clinical spectrum of adnexal masses and to correlate the preoperative diagnosis based on clinical examination and ultrasonography with histopathological examination. Method: This was a cross sectional observational study on 189 patients with a diagnosis of adnexal mass who underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy. All the patients were were evaluated by a complete history, general, abdominal and pelvic examination, followed by ultrasonography. These preoperative findings were then correlated with histopathological diagnosis. Results: 41.26 % of the patients were in the age group 21-30 years .46.03 % of all cases were benign ovarian tumor. There were 5 ovarian malignancies. Preoperative ultrasonography correlate well with histopathological diagnosis. Conclusion:A systematic approach consisting of a proper history, clinical examination, imaging studies and accurate interpretation of diagnostic preocedure is necessary for the triage and optimum management of adnexal masses in women.

Background: Intrauterine fetal death is a very tragic event for the parents and a great challenge to the obstetrician. It contributes to perinatal mortality and detail analysis of it may help to reduce the still birth rate in India. The aims and objectives of the study is to find out the prevalence, socio-demography, maternal risk factor and fetal characteristics of intrauterine fetal demise cases. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study carried out in Institute of Medical Science and SUM Hospital Bhubaneswar from October 2014 to April 2015. Ante partum events leading to fetal demise were recorded, socio-demographic and clinical characters were noted and analysed. Results: There were 2899 deliveries and 90 fetal deaths in this period. The incidence of IUFD was 31.04/1000 live births in our study. Conclusion: Pregnancy induced hypertension, severe anaemia; abruption of placenta, congenital malformation of the fetus is the main cause of fetal demise. All the main causes of fetal death observed here is preventable. Proper preconceptional counselling, antenatal care is mandatory to reduce the still birth rate by 2030.