No abstract

Model PTVA-4 perlu dikaji lebih lanjut untuk wilayah pesisir di Indonesia. PTVA-4 merupakan salah satu metode untuk menilai kerentanan struktural bangunan di wilayah pesisir. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah menilai kerentanan bangunan terhadap tsunami menggunakan PTVA-4. Namun, diperlukan penyesuaian parameter dan atribut PTVA-4 sesuai dengan kondisi bangunan di wilayah kepesisiran Batuhiu. Model genangan tsunami dibuat dengan menggunakan formula yang dikembangkan oleh Berryman. Interpretasi foto udara dan survei lapangan dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi karakteristik bangunan. Model PTVA-4 diterapkan dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Hasil yang didapatkan adalah mayoritas bangunan di pesisir Batuhiu terklasifikasikan kerentanan tinggi (51 bangunan) dan kerentanan sedang (41 bangunan) dari total 180 bangunan. Sebanyak 88 bangunan terklasifikasikan kerentanan rendah karena berlokasi jauh dari pantai dan juga dihalangi oleh sebuah bukit kecil. Parameter PTVA-4 yang memerlukan penyesuaian adalah material bangunan dan kedalaman fondasi.

Some cities in Indonesia which are located on Southern Java Island are susceptible to tsunamis. However, the application of participatory GIS for the assessment of building vulnerability to tsunamis remains rarely evaluated. The aims of this research are 1) to obtain the parameters of building vulnerability to tsunamis using the participatory approach, and 2) to evaluate the results of building vulnerability assessment using participatory GIS. A tsunami inundation map was constructed based on numerical modelling using the Hawke's Bay equation. Participatory approaches were taken to establish the parameters that affect the vulnerability of buildings to tsunamis using in-depth interviews. Respondents were selected using the purposive sampling technique. A geographic information system (GIS) was then applied to build a geodatabase and to perform analysis. The results show that six parameters were obtained from local people’s participation, namely building materials, the number of stories of the buildings , orientation, preservation condition, building row, and natural barriers. All the parameters were identified and interpreted using aerial photos. A field survey was conducted to complete the information on building characteristics. Many buildings near the beach were classified as having high and moderate vulnerability. The main benefit of participatory GIS is that the role of the community makes a significant contribution to providing vulnerability information. It also raises public awareness and improves preparedness for disaster risk management. The drawback is that parameters based on participatory approaches are dynamic and may be different in other areas.

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with 17,000 islands of varying sizes and elevations, from lowlands to very high mountains, stretching more than 5000 km eastward from Sabang in Aceh to Merauke in Papua. Although occupying only 1.3% of the world’s land area, Indonesia possesses the third-largest rainforest and the second-highest level of biodiversity, with very high species diversity and endemism. However, during the last two decades, Indonesia has been known as a country with a high level of deforestation, a producer of smoke from burning forests and land, and a producer of carbon emissions. The aim of this paper is to review the environmental history and the long process of Indonesian forest management towards achieving environmental sustainability and community welfare. To do this, we analyze the milestones of Indonesian forest management history, present and future challenges, and provide strategic recommendations toward a viable Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) system. Our review showed that the history of forestry management in Indonesia has evolved through a long process, especially related to contestation over the control of natural resources and supporting policies and regulations. During the process, many efforts have been applied to reduce the deforestation rate, such as a moratorium on permitting primary natural forest and peat land, land rehabilitation and soil conservation, environmental protection, and other significant regulations. Therefore, these efforts should be maintained and improved continuously in the future due to their significant positive impacts on a variety of forest areas toward the achievement of viable SFM. Finally, we conclude that the Indonesian government has struggled to formulate sustainable forest management policies that balance economic, ecological, and social needs, among others, through developing and implementing social forestry instruments, developing and implementing human resource capacity, increasing community literacy, strengthening forest governance by eliminating ambiguity and overlapping regulations, simplification of bureaucracy, revitalization of traditional wisdom, and fair law enforcement.

The rapid development of the coastal area for settlement and commercial service could increase vulnerability to natural hazards. This study aimed to analyze the settlement development management in the coastal area of Pangandaran Regency of West Java toward tsunami disaster risk mitigation. This study is essential because Pangandaran coastal area faces directly toward the subduction zone between Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates, which lead to tsunami hazard. For vulnerability analysis, spatial analysis was done through existing buildings and spatial planning documents. Recommendation for future management and mitigation to minimize tsunami impact on residential areas was formulated. The results showed that commercial and service zone dominated the land use in Pangandaran coastal area, followed by low-density residential zone, community forests, and mixed-use zone. The spatial analysis also showed that the existing land-use and spatial planning document did not consider the tsunami disaster risk. Hence, our recommendation provided the possible design solution for every potential impact of tsunami and mitigation approach to reduce vulnerability.