This study is the first baseline acoustic description of common bottlenose dolphin populations (Tursiops truncatus) from Revillagigedo Archipelago and the first identification of signature whistles (SWs) in an oceanic population of T. truncatus. A total of 85% (199/233) of the recorded whistles were classified as stereotyped whistles and subsequently (bout analysis/SIGID) categorized into one of five SW types. External observers were in perfect agreement in classifying whistles into the adopted SW categorization.SWs represented 42% (98/233) of the repertoire. Overall, most whistle types were categorized as sine (80%; SW1, SW2, SW4, and SW5) with one downsweep (20%, SW3).Roca Partida Island had the highest number of SW types.Principal component analysis explained 77% of the total SWs variance, highlighting the importance of shape/contour variables to the SWs variance. The combined mean SWs acoustic parameters from Revillagigedo Archipelago were higher than that recorded in coastal regions, which may indicate there are differences between SWs of pelagic and coastal populations. However, further acoustic and ecological studies in the Archipelago are needed to clarify and expand our findings, to identify its members (Photo ID and

This study collected acoustic information on false killer whales ( Pseudorca crassidens) in Mexican waters, close to Roca Partida Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago. In total, 321 whistles were collected after we found a group with at least ten individuals. The high prevalence of ascending contour types [upsweep (type I): 42.99%] contradicted the idea that false killer whales mostly produce constant whistles. Lack of well-established reproducibility criteria for whistle type categorization among studies may have generated results different from those expected for signal modulation. Future acoustic and ecological studies should be conducted to help clarify these findings and expand the limited knowledge about this species.

Signature whistle (SW) is a distinctive acoustic signal, issued in a bout pattern of unique frequency modulation contour; it allows individuals belonging to a given group to recognize each other and, consequently, to maintain contact and cohesion. The current study is the first scientific evidence that spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) produce SWs. Acoustic data were recorded at a shallow rest bay called “Biboca”, in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. In total, 1,902 whistles were analyzed; 37.85% (720/1,902) of them were classified as stereotyped whistles (STW). Based on the SIGID method, 60.97% (439/720) of all STWs were identified as SWs; subsequently, they were categorized into one of 18 SW types. SWs accounted for 23.08% (439/1,902) of the acoustic repertoire. External observers have shown perfect agreement at the time to classify whistles into the adopted SW categorization. Most acoustic and temporal variables measured for SWs showed mean values similar to those recorded in other studies with spinner dolphins, whose authors did not differentiate SWs from non-SWs. Principal component analysis has explained 77.79% of total SW variance, and it emphasized the relevance of shape/contour and frequency variables to SW variance. This scientific discovery helps improving bioacoustics knowledge about the investigated species. Future studies should focus on continuous investigations about SW development and use by Stenella longirostris to help expanding individuals’ identification (Photo ID and SW Noronha Catalog), assessing long-term stability and emission rates, and making mother-offspring comparisons (sex-based differences).

IntroductionSome inconsistent evidence indicates experiences of trauma and the presence of symptoms of PTSD are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. This relation has rarely been explored with community samples including participants with PTSD symptoms or who fulfill criteria for PTSD disorders.ObjectivesWe identify those with a high number of PTSD symptoms and those fulfilling criteria for PTSD are more likely to have CVD than those without a PTSD syndrome or diagnosis. We examine rates of mental health access for those with PTSD and CVD.MethodsWe use Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES) to examine differences in trauma/PTSD prevalence and the association of prior trauma exposure and PTSD diagnoses with CVD (n = 13,286). CIDI was used to make psychiatric diagnoses and medical data was acquired regarding onset and severity of CVD.ResultsIndividuals with prior exposure to trauma and PTSD diagnoses had twice the likelihood of developing a cardiovascular disease as those without trauma exposure [OR = 1.77, 95% CI (1.0, 2.94)]. Having a PTSD diagnosis is a significant predictor of having a CVD for individuals who experienced a traumatic event.The probability of developing a CVD was higher when patients had prior diagnosis of substance abuse [OR = 1.36, 95% CI (1.11, 1.65)] or mental health disorders [OR = 1.43, 95% CI (1.10, 1.87) for depression; OR = 1.33, 95% CI (1.04, 1.69) for anxiety]. Men were almost twice as likely as women to be diagnosed with a CVD [OR = 1.67, 95% CI (1.37, 2.00)].ConclusionsExposure to trauma and the presence of PTSD symptoms are significantly associated with CVD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.