Background: Both adductor canal block (ACB) and of Local Infiltrative Analgesia (LIA) have been shown to reduce pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The efficacy of combining ACB and LIA remains controversial. The objective of this study is to analyse the effect of LIA þ single dose ACB compared to LIA alone on early post-operative pain and mobilization in TKA. Methods: This Cohort Prospective study analyses the Visual Analogue Score (VAS) pain scores and rehabilitation milestones at 24 h between LIA alone and LIA þ single dose ACB in unilateral TKA operated by a single surgeon between August 2014 and February 2019.Results: VAS at rest and on movement were significantly better in the combined LIA þ ACB group (n ¼ 151) compared to LIA (n ¼ 120) alone at 24 h. All patients were able to achieve the desired milestones of sitting, standing by the bedside and walking with the help of a walker within 24 h of the surgery. Conclusion: Though the VAS scores were statistically significant, the actual scores at rest and on movement in both groups were significantly better than preoperative scores with excellent pain relief. All patients in both groups were able to ambulate within 24 h. LIA alone significantly improved the pain scores and enabled early mobilization. Addition of single dose ACB to LIA did not significantly alter the milestones.

Background Ten years ago, we reported the results of a procedure in which we translocated the ipsilateral ulna as a vascularized autograft to reconstruct defects of the distal radius after tumor resection, with excellent functional results. At that time, wrist arthrodesis was achieved by aligning the translocated ulna with the scapholunate area of the carpus and usually the third metacarpal. This resulted in wrist narrowing. We then wondered if aligning the translocated ulna with the scaphoid and the second metacarpal would result in ulnar deviation and thereby improve grip strength. We believed lateralization would reduce the wrist narrowing that occurs with fusion to the third metacarpal and would make the cosmesis more acceptable. We also modified the incision to dororadial to make the scar less visible and thus improve the cosmesis. Questions/purposes (1) Is there an objective improvement in grip strength and functional scores (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society [MSTS] and Mayo wrist) when the translocated ulna is lateralized and the wrist is fused with the translocated ulna and aligned with the second metacarpal versus when the translocated ulna is aligned with the third metacarpal? (2) Did lateralization caused by the wrist fusion aligned with the second metacarpal minimize wrist narrowing as measured by the circumference compared with the fusion aligned with the third metacarpal? Methods From 2010 and 2018, we treated 40 patients with distal radius tumors at our institution, 30 of whom had a distal radius enbloc resection. Twenty-eight patients had an ipsilateral ulna translocation and wrist arthrodesis in which the radius and translocated ulna were aligned with either the second (n = 15) or the third (n = 13) metacarpals. Two patients in the second metacarpal group and three patients in the third metacarpal group were lost to follow-up before 24 months after surgery and were excluded. A retrospective analysis of 23 patients (20 with giant cell tumors and three with malignant bone tumors) included a review of radiographs and institutional tumor database for surgical and follow-up records to study oncologic (local disease recurrence), reconstruction (union of osteotomy junctions, implant breakage or graft fracture, and wrist circumference), and functional outcomes (MSTS and Mayo wrist scores and objective grip strength assessment compared with the contralateral side). The results were compared for each study group (second metacarpal versus third metacarpal). There was no difference in the incidence of local recurrence or the time to union between the two groups. There were no implant breakages or graft fractures noted in either group. Results Patients in the second metacarpal group lost less grip strength compared with the unoperated side in the third metacarpal group (median 12% [range -30% to 35%] versus median 28% [15% to 42%], difference of medians 16%; p = 0.006). There were no between-group differences in terms of MSTS (median 30 [24 to 30] versus median 26.5 [22 to 30], difference of medians 3.5; p = 0.21) or Mayo wrist scores (median 83 [65 to 100] versus median 72 [50 to 90], difference of medians 11; p = 0.10). The second metacarpal group also had less wrist narrowing as seen from the median difference in circumference between the operated and unoperated wrists (median narrowing 10 mm [3 to 35 mm] in the second metacarpal group versus median 30 mm [15 to 35 mm] in the third metacarpal group, difference of medians 20 mm; p = 0.04). Conclusion Wrist arthrodesis after ulna translocation with alignment of the translocated ulna and the second metacarpal provides a functional position with ulnar deviation that offers some improvement in grip strength but no improvement in the MSTS or Mayo scores. Radialization/lateralization of the translocated ulna achieved from the alignment with the second metacarpal decreases the reduction in the wrist circumference and therefore reduces wrist narrowing. Level of Evidence Level III, therapeutic study.

Introduction: Fungal osteoarticular/soft tissue infections (FOaSI) are an uncommon entity with protracted course due to variability in clinical picture, slow progression; resulting in misdiagnosis with empirical therapy. Recent studies have shown an alarming emergence of FOaSI in immunocompetent individuals with high mortality rates. This study recommends a protocol for managing these complex and confusing scenarios. Methodology: We have retrospectively analysed patients with FOaSI between January 2014 and December 2016, with a minimum 12 months follow up. Results: 8 cases (6 male, 2 female) with a mean age of 42.88 years (26-53) presented to us 45 days (3-365) after initial symptoms. They underwent mean 3 procedures before being diagnosed with a fungal infection. Deep tissue cultures grew 9 fungi and 6 bacteria, commonest fungus being Candida sp (n = 4), treated with appropriate antifungals and antibiotics. Infection remission was achieved in 7/8 (87.5%) cases at 27.1 months (19-45) follow-up with 1 mortality. Excellent functional results as per our criteria were seen in 5 cases (62.5%) with 1 talus excision, 1 ray amputation and 1 mortality. Conclusions: This study highlights the significance of implementing a simple rule such as obtaining fungal cultures in every case of bone and soft tissue infections. Standardisation of treatment may not be the ideal solution, since different fungi have different growth patterns and invasiveness. A simple protocol of customising the medico- surgical treatment with an open ended discussion between the surgeons, microbiologists, pathologists and infectious disease specialists forms the cornerstone to success.