<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Chronic suppurative otitis media is a disease affecting the middle ear and mastoid cavity, leading to considerable morbidity by causing hearing loss; and even life threatening complications in squamosal type of CSOM, if left untreated over long periods of time. Hence it is imperative to treat the persistent ear discharge in CSOM according to the antibiotic susceptibility of the organisms isolated. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This is a prospective cross sectional study done in 135 patients of chronic suppurative otitis media presenting with active ear discharge. Sterile swabs were used to collect pus from discharging ear and sent for culture sensitivity.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <em><span lang="EN-IN">Staphylococcus</span></em><span lang="EN-IN"> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> were the most common organisms isolated in this study. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> was most sensitive to Piperacillin-Tazobactam, followed by Meropenem and Ciprofloxacin. <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>was most sensitive to Linezolid followed by Cefoxitin and Erythromycin. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Treating active discharge of CSOM according to pus culture sensitivity pattern reduces the bacterial load in the middle ear and makes the ear more favourable for graft uptake.</span></p><p class="abstract"> </p><p class="keywords"><strong>Keywords: </strong><span lang="EN-IN">Chronic suppurative otitis media, Aerobic bacterial culture, Antibiotic susceptibility, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em></span></p>

Aim: The present study was done to determine the mothers' knowledge and their attitude towards risk factors of infant hearing loss, its early identification and intervention and also awareness of effect of consanguinity on hearing loss. Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional questionnaire survey study, a total of 100 mothers were interviewed using the questionnaire which consisted of three sections namely risk factors, early identification and early intervention of hearing loss. Chi-square test was used to establish relationship between consanguineous and non-consanguineous mother's responses to its effect on hearing loss. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results:Mothers' awareness was significantly high for visible causes (ear pain/discharge, head injury and slap to ear) of hearing loss. Positive attitude was seen for importance of screening programs and follow up testing. Moderate level of awareness was found on hazards of consanguinity and benefits of early identification. However, mothers were least aware of neonatal jaundice, NICU admission (>5 days), signs of lateonset and neural hearing loss, management of hearing loss, hearing aid fitting and therapy necessity, which might interfere in early detection and intervention of hearing loss. Conclusion:It is crucial to educate mothers on few risk factors and management of hearing loss to reduce its consequences.

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Background: Fibroepithelial polyps are benign polypoidal lesion which arises from mesoderm. It is one of the most common cutaneous lesions. Fibroepithelial polyps are infrequently noted in the pharynx of an adult. We report a case of a 35 year old male patient who presented with foreign body sensation in the throat since 15 days. On examination a pedunculated polyp of about 3x1 cm was noted to arise from upper pole of left tonsil. Tonsillectomy was done under general anaesthesia and was sent for HPE which revealed fibroepithelial polyp of left tonsil. Fibroepithelial polyps of palatine tonsils are rare pedunculated benign lesions and have extremely low malignancy transformation.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of tympanoplasty done for tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) should not only be to achieve a dry ear, but also to give hearing improvement to the patient. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation between size and site of tympanic membrane perforation with degree of hearing loss and correlation between ossicular chain status and degree of hearing loss on pure tone audiometry.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients with tubotympanic CSOM with hearing loss upto 60 dBHL undergoing tympanoplasty were examined to know the site and size of tympanic membrane(TM) perforation. Intraoperative findings pertaining to middle ear and ossicles were noted.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 52 patients of tubotympanic type of CSOM, hearing loss was least (31.18±7.46 dBHL) in small perforations of the TM and highest in subtotal perforations (48.74±7.83 dBHL) which was statistically significant. Hearing loss was significantly more in posterior perforation (46.61±7.02 dBHL) than in anterior perforation of TM (32.65±8.77 dBHL).<strong> </strong>There was a statistically significant difference in pure tone average hearing loss between intact ossicle group (32.87±9.77 dBHL)<strong> </strong>and eroded ossicle group (43.39±9.60dBHL). Difference in air bone gap was also significant between intact ossicle group (24.09±9.56 dB) and eroded ossicle group (31.02±9.83 dB). Multiple ossicles were eroded in nineteen patients with incus being the most commonly eroded ossicle.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In this study, hearing loss increased with increased size of TM perforation and also with posterior perforation. Incus was found to be the most commonly eroded ossicle. Multiple ossicles were seen eroded most commonly when hearing loss was moderate. The surgeon will be better equipped to do ossiculoplasty in view of these preoperative findings and also to counsel the patient better about their expectation of hearing improvement following surgery. </p>