The people living in Ghaggar river basin are facing various waterborne diseases due to polluted water of Ghaggar River. The quality of Ghaggar river water was tested and analysed during this study. A health survey was also conducted to strengthen the work. The results undoubtedly verify that the quality of Ghaggar river water is not suitable to withstand the aquatic life and not fit for domestic uses. The low dissolved oxygen level and other checked parameters are clearly indicating it. The observed maximum values of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), color, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride (Cl-),turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 36 mg/l, 500 ptcu, 8.6, 1321 mg/l, 161 mg/l, 301 NTU and 265 mg/l respectively. Most probable number count of river was also carried out and it shows very high number and clearly indicating that the river has bad quality of water. To understand the possible relationship between the quality of river water and water-borne diseases amongst the locals, a questionnaire survey was also carried out. The waterborne diseases observed in the study area were Jaundice, Diarrhea, Typhoid, Hepatitis, Malaria etc.

This research work investigates the compressive strength of concrete specimens cured at the age of 7 & 28 days, the split tensile strength, and the flexural strength of concrete specimens cured at 28 days. Natural coarse aggregate (NCA) has been replaced with 0 percent, 25 percent, 40 percent, 60 percent, and 100 percent by RCA of construction & destruction (C&D) waste of 30-year-old building and Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) has been replaced with 10 percent metakaolin (MK).To understand the fresh properties of concrete of slump test was performed and to find satisfactory results. To analyze the hardening properties of MK with recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) base mix concrete, compressive strength was measured at the age of 7 and 28 days, and split tensile strength, the flexural strength was measured at the age of 28 days. Based on the experiment’s study, it can be concise that the 40 percent substitute of NCA with RCA carried good results with 10 percent MK. This research presents the effect of MK as a cement substitute on the properties of fresh and hardened with RCA.

Concrete is reinforced using different kind of admixtures in order to increase its properties and making it cost effective. Fibre is one type of reinforcement, which is a composite material made up of cement or mortar and fragmented, separate, distributed, arbitrarily located, and disconnected reasonable fibres. Concrete is broadly utilized as a part of structural designing with its high compressive strength, minimal effort and bottomless crude material. However, regular cement has a few weaknesses, for instance, low malleability, restricted flexibility, little protection from splitting, weak hardness, high fragility, and other factors limits its use.” The cement may get split because of basic and natural properties; however, a large portion of the breaks are shaped because of inherent inward smaller scale breaks as well as the material’s inherent flaws to oppose ductile powers. Such condition of the structure at the tensile end subjects to the cracks under a certain amount of load. Initially there become small splits or cracks and with due respect of time these cracks gets widened. After drying of cement, Cracks may be developed due to shrinkage. The small-scale splits frame because of drying shrinkage or different reasons for volume change if there should be an occurrence of plain concrete. Along these lines many endeavours have been made to expand the rigidity of cement by method for utilizing traditional strengthened steel bars and furthermore by applying limiting systems.