Background: Music has been used in exercise classes for many decades. The role of music in increasing the exercise performance is well recognized but there is very little information about effect of music on post-exercise recovery time. Methods: The present study was conducted to see the effect of musical sounds on post-exercise recovery time following moderate exercise with Harvard step test in young healthy volunteers. 30 young healthy volunteers (17 males, 13 females) aged between 17 to 20 years were recruited for the study. Pulse rate, systolic BP, diastolic BP were recorded prior to exercise in lying down position. The participants were subjected to moderate exercise by Harvard step test for 3 minutes on 3 consecutive days. They were allowed to rest in silence on 1 st day, rest with hearing slow music on 2 nd day and rest with hearing fast music on 3 rd day. During the post-exercise relaxation time PR, SBP and DBP were measured immediately and after every 1 min. until the parameters returned to resting values. Data was statistically analysed using ANOVA test and 0.05 level of significance was set prior to the study. Results: The result showed that with slow music, recovery time of pulse rate (5.2 ± 2.1), systolic blood pressure (3.9 ± 1.1) and diastolic blood pressure (3.2 ± 1.7) were significantly faster as compared to both no music and fast music. Conclusion: The study concluded that music hastens post-exercise recovery and slow music has greater relaxation effect than fast or no music.

Background: In India, adolescent pregnancies are very common because of early marriages, lack of knowledge of contraception, and increase in sexual activity among adolescents, together leading to early child bearing in the absence of adequate and effective information and education on planning and spacing children. Objectives: Comparative measurement of knowledge regarding contraception and population control, and to determine the need of inclusion of sex education in curriculum. Materials and Methods: Study was carried out in randomly selected four schools. Two were of central board (private) and two of state board (government) of Ahmedabad, India. A total of 530 apparently healthy students, 265 from each of the two school types aged between 14 and 16 years were recruited for the study. A descriptive study, using a pretested, selfadministered questionnaire, was carried out to assess the knowledge and practice about contraception and population control. Result: Majority of the subjects, 205 (77.35%) of private and 199 (75.04%) of government school, stated that uncontrolled population growth has adverse effects. Only 60% private and 52.83% government school students knew the correct legal age of marriage (p o 0.05). All the respondents were unanimous in their desire for a gap between the first and the second child, but private school students, significantly more (84.90%) than the government school students (71.69%), preferred a gap of more than 2 years between the children (p o 0.05). A significantly higher proportion of central board private school students (90.94%) than state board government school students (72.75%) knew about condoms and contraceptive pills (p o 0.05). Conclusion: Students showed mixed performance regarding knowledge and practice of contraception and population control. There are gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed by including population control and sex education in the school curriculum. Government school students are far behind regarding knowledge of contraception and population control as compared to central board private school students.

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