This article reviews the applications of nanotechnology in the fields of medical and life sciences. Nanoparticles have shown promising applications from diagnosis to treatment of various types of diseases including cancer. In this review, we discuss the applications of nanostructured materials such as nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanorods, nanowires, and carbon nanotubes in diagnostics, biomarkers, cell labeling, contrast agents for biological imaging, antimicrobial agents, drug delivery systems, and anticancer nanodrugs for treatment of cancer and other infectious diseases. The adverse affects of nanoparticles on human skin from daily use in cosmetics and general toxicology of nanoscale materials are also reviewed.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has limitless possibilities for applications in the entire spectrum of our daily lives, from healthcare to automobiles to public safety.

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Materials derived from biological sources not only offer biocompatibility but also adjust with the disease for elongated treatments and more effective therapies. These materials can be utilized as building blocks to construct state of the art drug delivery vehicles like nanoparticles, hydrogels, and nanofibers capable of dramatically enhancing the therapeutic efficiency in cancer treatment. New emerging trends in drug delivery design are constantly reported in recent literature using carbohydrates like cellulose, chitosan, and alginate and proteins like albumin, collagen, gelatin, and zein. In addition, drug vehicles with combination of carbohydrates and proteins have proved extremely effective. This article reviews carbohydrate and protein-based materials in fabrication of cutting edge drug delivery systems and clarifies their future impact in therapeutic methods to cure cancer.

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