Self-propelling magnetic nanorobots capable of intrinsic-navigation in biological fluids with enhanced pharmacokinetics and deeper tissue penetration implicates promising strategy in targeted cancer therapy. Here, multi-component magnetic nanobot designed by chemically conjugating magnetic fe 3 o 4 nanoparticles (NPs), anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody (anti-EpCAM mAb) to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) loaded with an anticancer drug, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is reported. Autonomous propulsion of the nanobots and their external magnetic guidance is enabled by enriching fe 3 o 4 nps with dual catalytic-magnetic functionality. the nanobots propel at high velocities even in complex biological fluids. In addition, the nanobots preferably release DOX in the intracellular lysosomal compartment of human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cells by the opening of Fe 3 o 4 np gate. Further, nanobot reduce ex vivo HCT116 tumor spheroids more efficiently than free DOX. The multicomponent nanobot's design represents a more pronounced method in targeting tumors with selfassisted anticancer drug delivery for 'far-reaching' sites in treating cancers. Designing miniaturized and versatile robots in the dimensional-range of a few micrometers or less offer potential for unprecedented biomedical applications, such as refinements in targeted drug delivery platforms 1-7. Miniature robotic systems provide considerable benefits over conventional and micro/nanoparticle-based therapies 8,9. Existing anticancer drug delivery systems demonstrate pharmacokinetic (PK) limitations as they are passive systems driven by the blood fluidics and lack intrinsic navigation for long circulation time, targeting, localized delivery, and tissue penetration 10,11. Furthermore, despite surface functionalization with a specific ligand that allows nanocarriers to increase the active targeting ability; the nanocarriers are unable to guide themselves to a target. Hence, for targeted anticancer delivery of therapeutic payloads to disease sites, drug carriers are desired to possess some distinctive traits, including self-propelling force and velocity, navigational functions, precise cell targeting, drug cargo-towing and finally tissue penetration with the release of drug payload 12-16. Micro/nanomotors with efficient cargo towing and effective penetrating abilities make them excellent delivery vehicles that can meet the necessary features for targeted delivery of therapeutics 6. Chemically propelled micro-/ nanorobots have been widely explored for active drug delivery, and tremendous progresses has been made in the past few years 17. However, designing nanobots for biological functionality is still a challenge as they have some inherent limitations, such as complex preparation technology, difficulty of surface modification, difficulty of motion in biological fluids and depending on the material, poor biocompatibility or biodegradability 6,18,19. Furthermore, none of the reported micro/nanobot system has demonstrated practically useful speed hig...

Nanosized robots with self-propelling and navigating capabilities have become an exciting field of research, attributable to their autonomous motion and specific biomolecular interaction ability for bio-analysis and diagnosis. Here, we report magnesium (Mg)-Fe3O4-based Magneto-Fluorescent Nanorobot (“MFN”) that can self-propel in blood without any other additives and can selectively and rapidly isolate cancer cells. The nanobots viz; Mg-Fe3O4-GSH-G4-Cy5-Tf and Mg-Fe3O4-GSH-G4-Cy5-Ab have been designed and synthesized by simple surface modifications and conjugation chemistry to assemble multiple components viz; (i) EpCAM antibody/transferrin, (ii) cyanine 5 NHS (Cy5) dye, (iii) fourth generation (G4) dendrimers for multiple conjugation and (iv) glutathione (GSH) by chemical conjugation onto one side of Mg nanoparticle. The nanobots propelled efficiently not only in simulated biological media, but also in blood samples. With continuous motion upon exposure to water and the presence of Fe3O4 shell on Mg nanoparticle for magnetic guidance, the nanobot offers major improvements in sensitivity, efficiency and speed by greatly enhancing capture of cancer cells. The nanobots showed excellent cancer cell capture efficiency of almost 100% both in serum and whole blood, especially with MCF7 breast cancer cells.

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Polycaprolactone (PCL) is polymer of 21st centuries. PCL is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer used for various healthcare applications. This review explores the properties, synthesis, and processing of PCL. The use of PCL polymer for nanoparticles (NPs), microparticles, films, and fibers offers several advantages for biomedical applications. The review highlights the potential of PCL‐based materials for tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing, and implantable medical devices. We also critically analyzed challenges in PCL‐based materials and the strategies used to overcome for successful translation into clinical applications. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of PCL as a valuable biomaterial for healthcare applications.

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