<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to compare the outcome of myringoplasty in dry and wet ears in tubotympanic type of chronic otitis media (COM) with respect to graft uptake and hearing improvement.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective study done in department of ENT Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute during the study period of November 2014 to May 2016, wherein a total of 60 patients of tubotympanic type COM with 30 cases each of dry and wet ears, aged 15-60 years were included. The hearing impairment was assessed and recorded by pure tone audiometry (PTA). After obtaining informed written consent the patients underwent myringoplasty (temporalis fascia graft, underlay technique). Microbiological examination of discharge in wet ears was done and histopathology of the excised remnant TM analyzed in both groups. Both groups of patients were followed up for 3 months and assessed for graft uptake and hearing improvement. PTA was repeated at 3 months postoperatively.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Our study included 60 patients of tubotympanic type of COM with 30 cases each with dry and wet ears who underwent myringoplasty. Majority of our patients were in second decade in both the groups. There was slight female preponderance in our study with male to female ratio of 0.93:1. Discharge from ears in wet ears was mucoid in consistency and were culture negative. Histopathology of excised remnant TM in wet ears revealed evidence of inflammatory cells and vascularization within stroma of fibroblasts while these were absent in dry ear cases. The overall successful graft uptake following myringoplasty was 88.3% with 86.7% for wet ears and 90% for dry ears with no statistical significance (p value of 0.688&gt;0.05) between the two groups. With respect to hearing improvement post-operatively there was significant hearing improvement in both the groups when compared to preoperative hearing with a mean hearing gain (dB) of 3.43±2.81 in wet ear cases to 3.85±3.05 in dry ear cases, but when compared between the two groups, there was no significant statistical difference (p value of 0.582&gt;0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The outcome is equally good for myringoplasty in dry and wet ears in tubotympanic type of chronic otitis media with respect to graft uptake and hearing improvement. </p>

Background: Amphotericin B is considered the drug of choice for primary treatment of mucormycosis. During second wave of COVID-19 pandemic there was severe scarcity of liposomal amphotericin B. This study aims to determine role of various formulations of amphotericin and their side effects when used for the treatment of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between May 2021 and December 2021 at a tertiary care centre. 380 patients with post-COVID rhino-orbito-cerebral mucromycosis (ROCM) were included in the study. Liposomal amphotericin B, conventional amphotericin deoxycholate, lipid complex amphotericin B was used in the treatment. Patients were observed for side effects like fever, chills, rigors, hypokalemia, renal function derangements, thrombophlebitis and respiratory difficulties. Results: Majority of patients received liposomal amphotericin B (331) and 31 patients received conventional amphotericin deoxycholate and 5 patients were given lipid complex amphotericin B injections. The most commonly encountered side effects were of the mild type constituting chills (98% with liposomal and 100% with amphotericin deoxycholate), and fever (94% with liposomal and 74% with amphotericin deoxycholate). Conclusions: Our study highlights the role of various formulations of amphotericin B in the treatment of COVID-19 mucormycosis.