ZIKV infection, a new public health emergency, needs to be addressed urgently. All health care professionals should have adequate knowledge of the virus and be conversant with necessary precautionary measures to be taken making it imperative that dental practitioners strive to continually update their knowledge from time to time.

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INTRODUCTION: Institutionalized health care is expensive in most of the developing countries such as India. Due to which people residing in old care homes were having higher rate of oral disease.OBJECTIVES: To assess oral mucosal condition of institutionalized elderly people living in India.MATERIALS AND METHOD: A cross sectional survey was conducted among the 8old care homes in India and clinical examination was done to check any mucosal changes of oral cavity among the studied subjects. After the data collection descriptive statistics was done by using SPSS 22.0 version.RESULTS: Majority of the people were having oral mucosal conditions i.e. 31.75% and 26.35 % of the total study participants had OSMF (Oral Submucous Fibrosis) and Denture Stomatitis respectively.CONCLUSION: The present study concludes that oral mucosal condition is relatively poor in institutionalized elderly living

Introduction Endocarditis is a rare, often fatal complication of rat bite fever caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis . Only 39 cases have been reported (including this case) as of 2022. We describe a case and aim to perform this entit’s first systematic literature review. Methods We performed a systematic review in CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SciELO, and LILACS. The terms used were terms used were (but not limited to) rat bite fever, Streptobacillus moniliformis , Spirillum minus, and endocarditis. We included all abstracts and articles with patients with echocardiographic or histologic-proven endocarditis. In case of discordance, a third reviewer was involved. Our protocol was submitted to PROSPERO (CRD42022334092). We also performed searches for studies on the reference list of included articles. Results We retrieved 108 and included 36 abstracts and articles. A total of 39 patients (including our report) were identified. The mean age was 41.27, and 61.5% were males. The most common findings were fever, murmur, arthralgias, fatigue, splenomegaly, and rash. Underlying heart disease was present in 33%. Exposure to rats was noted in 71.8% of patients, with 56.4% recalling a rat bite. Anemia was seen in 57%, leukocytosis in 52%, and elevated inflammatory markers in 58% that had lab work performed. The mitral valve was most affected, followed by the aortic, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves. Surgical intervention was required in 14 (36%) cases. Of those, 10 required valve replacement. Death was reported in 36% of cases. Unfortunately, the literature available is limited to case series and reports. Conclusion Our review allows clinicians to suspect better, diagnose, and manage Streptobacillary endocarditis.