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The aim of the research was to determine the change in the volume of fluid slug moving in the milk pipeline for calculating the initial length of the fluid slug and thus the air slug length. This allows to control the fluid and air inlet valve during circulatory washing of milking equipment with milk line and provides a stable plug flow during washing. The article deals with the problems of formation of a wave flow and plug flow regime in a milk line in dependance to the degree of filling and shear stress on the surface of the phases. As the result, the dependence curves have been obtained. They show that when the degree of filling the milk line with liquid is from 0.4d to 0.6d, the probability of slug formation decreases. To determine the loss of a fluid slug volume moving in a milk line, mathematical calculations with the use of the boundary layer theory have been carried out. As the result, the curves of the time of fluid and air intake into the system depending on the length and diameter of the milk pipeline have been obtained. These engineering calculation methods allow to set the operating parameters of the valves for fluid and air inlet into the system during washing. To calculate the parameters of pipelines with an internal diameter of 48, 63, 70 and 98 mm often used in milking equipment, a Delphi-based program was written. The article provides an example of calculating the time of opening and closing the valve for the inlet of fluid and air during washing for a milk line with 48 mm pipe diameter, 120 m length and pressure in the system of 48 kPa. Experimental studies have confirmed the reliability of the calculations, the loss of the liquid plug length for the milk pipeline Ø50. 8 mm is on average 5 cm per 1 meter of the fluid path.

The article shows the assessment of the hourly and shift energy intensity of the operator's work on rotary milking machines with internal milking (of the "Herringbone" type) with the connection of teat cups on the side and on installations with external milking with the connection of teat cups at the back (of the "Parallel" type). The purpose of the study is to determine the indicators of ergonomics and energy intensity of labor productivity of machine milking operators working on rotary milking machines. The conditions that affect the labor productivity of the milking operator are considered. Calculations are presented to determine the indicators of ergonomics and energy intensity of labor of machine milking operators. The data were obtained empirically using the method of chronometric observations of the work of operators in the milking parlor and the principles of a systematic approach. The total mass of loads moved during each hour of the shift from the working surface is exceeded for men (the normal value is not more than 870 kg) and significantly exceeded for women (the normal value is not more than 350 kg) and is 644...1380 kg on Milkline (external) provided that one operator works at the connecting of the milking machine. The total mass of loads is also exceeded for female operators on the AutoRotor 40 (external) and AutoRotor 60 (external) «Carousels» and amounts to 653 kg and 575 kg per operator, respectively. The normal value of the static load per shift when holding the load and applying efforts with one hand for men - not more than 353.0 kN∙s, for women ‒ not more than 215.7 kN∙s. On Milkline installations (external) it is 212.4…455.0 kN∙s when one operator works at the connecting of the milking machine, while the upper limit is significantly exceeded for both men and especially women.

The article studies the experimental process of cultivation of microalgae in a photobioreactor (PBR) to study the effect of technological conditions on the productivity of microalgae. This process allows obtaining initial data for the development of closed cycles of using the energy potential of alga mass in heat and power supply of various industries, including agricultural enterprises (livestock complexes, poultry farms, etc.) The scheme of a closed cycle of power supply of the cattle complex allows obtaining hot water, feed additives to the cattle ration, bio humus, motor biofuel and carbon dioxide, which is advisable to use in the process of cultivating microalgae. The experiments were carried out on a photobioreactor for cultivating microalgae with an intelligent control system. The developed photobioreactor differs from the known ones in the pulsating hydrodynamic regime of feeding the nutrient solution, which provides an increase in the productivity of the microalgae cultivation up to 15%. The experimental model of the cultivation conditions of the microalga Ch. Vulgaris on a combined diet (Tamiya medium + manure substrate) showed a noticeable increase in crop productivity when adding cattle manure extract to the nutrient medium in an amount from 30 to 60% (vol.). This can be used in the development of closed cycles of heat and power supply for cattle farms based on biofuels of the third generation, obtained from the phytomass of microalgae.

The article discusses non-contact thermal imaging methods for determining diseases of biological objects: video digital identification and thermography. When studying inflammatory processes in the body of a biological object using thermograms, one should refuse to register only the native thermal picture, which is static, and it is imperative to assess its dynamics. If a series of thermograms shows local changes in the thermal picture in the form of an increase or decrease in infrared radiation in those areas and at the time that were supposed, only in this case it is possible to speak unambiguously about the objectivity of thermal imaging information. Creation of a methodology for the application of digital analysis of video profiles of the shape and ratio of the dimensions of an object, and comparison of the results with the thermographic picture of a thermal imaging image of a functional thermal imaging of thermograms in normal conditions and with inflammation in a biological object.