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A small, commercially available atomic absorption instrument is used with a heated graphite tube for the atomic absorption analysis of liquid and solid silver samples. Operating conditions of the furnace are described and a sensitivity of about 5 ng of silver is reported.

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It is anticipated that high precision analyses via the ICP can be expanded to a wide range of elements and can be applied to a large variety of samples which are currently analyzed by other methods.During the one to three seconds necessary to heat commercial electrothermal atomizers to the desired atomization temperature, many reactions take place, and analyte compounds may be lost from the rapidly heating furnace at varying temperatures with varying matrices-often at sub-optimal temperatures with inadequate atomization, since residence times are short. Thus, matrix interferences are common in these pulsed-type atomizers. However, the same solutions, when atomized in a constant temperature furnace (CTF), show no significant matrix interferences. Lack of ruggedness of analytical procedures using pulsed-type atomizers seems to be an inherent limitation, whereas equipment ruggedness limitations of the CTF are amenable to elimination by appropriate attention to engineering aspects of fabrication. Difficult samples representing common matrices reveal the ease of obtaining interference-free results directly with the CTF-and the difficulty, even with pretreatments, of correcting for interferences on a routine basis in pulsed-type atomizers.