Objective: Understanding the conceptions of premature children caregivers on child development and associated factors. Method: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative study of 12 families with children under three years of age. Interviews were submitted to thematic content analysis, systematized into the categories of Bioecological Theory of Human Development: Process, Person, Context and Time, and in the Functional Development category. Results: There are concerns about impairment in the current and future development of a Person/child defined as fragile as a result of premature birth (Time dimension), minimized by the scope of observable competencies such as motor skills. The Context, especially family and health services, and Proximal Processes, described as one-way caregiver interactions, are considered determinants of development. Functional Development is considered a natural consequence and result of education. The support network is crucial, supporting or limiting care. Conclusion: Concerns about the development mobilize caregivers to stimulate the premature child/person and requests family and healthcare assistance.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho funcional de crianças em idade pré-escolar nascidas com diferentes graus de prematuridade e baixo peso, acompanhados em serviço de follow-up. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, que utilizou o instrumento Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade - PEDI, uma entrevista estruturada para cuidadores de crianças que avalia as habilidades funcionais e o nível de independência nas áreas de autocuidado, mobilidade e função social. O teste foi realizado com 98 participantes divididos em três grupos, em um momento de acordo com o grau de prematuridade e em outro de acordo com o peso ao nascer. Utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e a análise de variância para verificar a associação e diferença entre os grupos com diferentes graus de prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer e o PEDI. Em todas as análises considerou-se o nível de significância de α = 0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve atraso nas habilidades funcionais de autocuidado (HFAC), de mobilidade (HFM), e de função social (HFFS) de 10,2%, 12,2% e 14,3%, respectivamente, e no nível de assistência recebida do cuidador de 11,2% em autocuidado (ACAC), 19,4% em mobilidade (ACM) e 15,3% em função social (ACFS). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos de diferentes graus de prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer em relação a nenhum dos domínios do PEDI. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Crianças prematuras e com baixo peso ao nascer apresentaram alterações na idade pré-escolar do desempenho funcional nas áreas autocuidado, mobilidade e função social que não variaram em magnitude entre os diferentes graus de prematuridade e peso ao nascimento.
Introduction: the multifactorial nature of motor development is reinforced by the combination of biological and environmental risk factors, which intensify the chances of impaired motor development. Objectives: to verify the relationship between functional mobility skills of children with risk factors and motor stimulus opportunities in their home environment. Methods: transversal study conducted with 112 patients aged 18-42 months from follow-up services. Motor stimulus opportunities were evaluated by the Affordance in the Home Environment for Motor Development (AHEMD-SR) and Functional mobility skills by the Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI). Student t test and multiple linear regression analysis were carried out. Results: predominance of good performance of functional mobility skills and "average level" of environmental stimulus opportunities were observed. There was no significant association between HFM-PEDI and AHEMD-SR. The results showed significant association only between HFM-PEDI and presence of health problems (p = 0.004). Children with health problems had lower mean PEDI normative score. Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant result for health problems in the interaction among environment, control variables and HFM-PEDI (p = 0.003). Conclusion: there was no association between functional mobility skills of children with risk factors and motor stimulus opportunities in their home environment. On the other hand, children with some health problem showed lower performance in functional mobility skills.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e analisar o processo de elaboração de um material educativo para a promoção do desenvolvimento da criança nascida prematura. Os procedimentos incluíram: pesquisa exploratória participativa com o público destinatário, revisões integrativas de literatura sobre o tema e sistematização dos conteúdos por meio de referenciais teóricos robustos. A Educação Popular em Saúde orientou a elaboração do material educativo e a abordagem participativa, a Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano balizou a análise e sistematização dos conteúdos, e o Simply Put a organização gráfica do material. O modelo teórico do desenvolvimento da criança nascida prematura e a sistematização e organização dos dados propiciou a elaboração de um material educativo interativo, uma tecnologia em formato de livro destinada à família. As múltiplas estratégias de pesquisa e os referenciais teóricos conferiram rigor metodológico, ampliando o potencial de ação do material educativo, que aproxima a experiência familiar ao conhecimento científico atualizado potencializando a promoção da saúde da criança. Palavras-chave Educação em saúde, Desenvolvimento infantil, Recém-Nascido Prematuro, Abstract This study aimed to describe and analyze the process of elaborating educational material to promote the development of preterm infants. The procedures included participative exploratory research with the target audience, integrative reviews of the literature on the subject, and systematization of contents through robust theoretical references. Popular Education in Health guided the elaboration of the educational material, and the participatory approach; the Bioecological Theory of Human Development conducted the analysis and systematization of the contents; and Simply Put guided the graphic organization of the material. The theoretical model of the development of preterm infants, and data systematization and organization, allowed the elaboration of an interactive educational material, a technology in a book format for the family. The multiple research strategies and theoretical references have provided methodological rigor, increasing the educational material's action potential, which draws family experience closer to the updated scientific knowledge, thus enhancing child health promotion.
Introduction: Prematurity is a public health problem. Despite many studies that aim to characterize the
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