Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus (GIDM) is an abnormal increase in blood glucose associated with the use of glucocorticoids in a patient with or without a prior history of diabetes mellitus. This is a common and potentially harmful problem in clinical practice, affecting almost all medical specialties, but is often difficult to detect in clinical settings. The objective of this study was to determine effect of Parkia biglobosa extract on open wound healing in dexamethasone induced hyperglycaemia. Effect of three different doses of P. biglobosa extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body wt.) for 14 consecutive days on open skin wound healing before and after dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemia was investigated; histological assessment was also conducted on the fourteenth day. The three different doses of P. biglobosa extract decreased the serum glucose concentration in pre and post-treatment dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemic animals; the percentage reduction was greater in the 50 and 100 mg/kg of P. biglobosa-pretreated groups (14.9 and 19.21%, respectively) as compared to that of ketoconazole, where it was only 16.5%. In the post treatment groups, the percentage reduction was greater in 100 mg/kg of P. biglobosa (17.7%) as compared to that of ketoconazole, where it was only 16.6%. Histological evaluation showed that the pretreated group of animals had higher performance scores on the grading scale and improved healing when compared with the post-treated groups. There was a demonstrable reduction in the wound healing process in the pre-treatment group that was dosed dependent.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 6 th most common cancer worldwide and a greater burden of this disease is born by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemic and resource deficient sub-Sahara Africa. This investigation was carried out to determine the pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma sub-types in north-central Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Archival formalin fixed and paraffin embedded 374 liver biopsy specimen blocks were obtained, sectioned, re-stained and examined histologically. Classification of primary liver cancers was done according to standard World Health Organisation criteria. Results: Chronic HBV infection was found in 219 (58.6%) and cirrhosis in 29 (7.8%) cases. HCC Original Research Articleoccurred in 76 (20.3%) cases with background cirrhosis in 18 (23.7%) of the HCC. The HCC subtypes found were the trabecular 54 (71.1%), acinar 10 (13.2%) and mixed trabecular and acinar 6 (7.9%), clear cell 5 (6.6%) and fibrolamellar 1 (1.3%) respectively. Conclusion: HCC is the most common histologically diagnosed primary liver cell carcinoma with the trabecular subtype as the predominant variant in Nigeria, followed by the pseudoglandular and the mixed types.

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IntroductionAlveolar soft-part sarcomas are rare, slow-growing tumors that metastasize commonly via vascular routes to the lungs, bones, lymph nodes and brain, causing morbidity and mortality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case describing metastasis to the liver reported from Nigeria.Case presentationA 57-year-old man of the Urhobo ethnic group of Nigeria presented with a persistent mass in his left calf. It was initially diagnosed as soft-tissue sarcoma, and its associated systemic effects lead to his death before a histological diagnosis could be obtained.ConclusionsAlveolar soft-part sarcoma with metastasis to the liver can occur in our region (northeast Africa), and a high index of suspicion is required to make an early diagnosis, followed by prompt surgical excision with clear margins in order to prevent mortality.

Granulomatous inflammation is a pattern of chronic inflammation characterized by the presence of granulomas consisting of microscopic aggregates of macrophages transformed into epithelioid cells surrounding by a collar of lymphocytes and occasioned plasma cells. The study aimed to determine the distribution by tissue site, histological patterns of granulomatous inflammatory disorders in Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH), Makurdi over a 5-year period. This was a 5 year (March 2013 – February 2018) retrospective study of all cases diagnosed as granulomatous inflammatory disorders on Haematoxylin and Eosin-stained sections at the Anatomical pathology Department. Ziehl-Neelsen special stain was also done on all specimens. A total of two hundred and thirty-six (236) cases of granulomatous inflammatory disorders were diagnosed, analysed and categorized based on the tissue site, on Haematoxylin and Eosin-stained sections; Ziehl-Neelsen special stain was done on all cases. The most common sites were cervical lymph nodes, appendix, skin, testicular tissues etc with the Eyelid been the least common site.