The voiding cystourethrogram and excretory urogram have been considered essential parts of the evaluation of girls with urinary tract infections. To evaluate the usefulness of these procedures, 523 examinations in girls with urinary tract infections were reviewed retrospectively.The major finding on voiding cystourethrograms was vesicoureteral reflux, occurring in 36% of the children. Of the total group, 8% had excretory urographic evidence of parenchymal scarring.Higher grades of reflux were associated with an increase in parenchymal scarring. All urethras were normal, and only one paraureteral diverticulum was identified. Bladder emptying was incomplete in 46% of the patients. Excretory urography was performed by injecting 60% diatrizoate meglumine IV at a dose of 2 mI/kg (maximum dose, 100 ml).

Iodine delivery rates (IDR) of five commonly used non-ionic contrast media were determined at room temperature (24 degrees C) and body temperature (37 degrees C). Contrast media of strength 300 mgI/ml were also evaluated at 50% dilution (150 mgI/ml) with N-saline. Iodine delivery differed significantly (p less than 0.005) between samples at room temperature: Omnipaque 350 (1163 mg/s) less than Niopam 370 (1311 mg/s) less than Omnipaque 300 (1422 mg/s) less than Niopam 300 (1635 mg/s) and Ultravist 300 (1636 mg/s). Niopam 300 and Ultravist 300 delivered 41% more iodine per second than Omnipaque 350 at room temperature. Similar differences were identified at body temperature, while delivery of individual media was on average 23.5% greater than at room temperature. No significant difference between iodine delivery rates of diluted media at room temperature or body temperature was identified. The results demonstrate that iodine delivery and hence vascular opacification are better achieved during hand-injection arteriography by using relatively low viscosity media such as Niopam 300 or Ultravist 300. In digital subtraction arteriography all 300 strength contrast media diluted to 150 strength are equally effective.

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(Fig. 1). MR imaging of the heart was performed using a General Electric 1 .5-T Signa System. ECG-gated, 5-mm-thick axial and sagittal images were Obtained using a spin-echo, multislice technique with an echo time (TE) of 20 msec and a repetition time (TR) of 667 msec (determined by R-R interval). An accessory chamber was identified posterior to the normal left atrium (Fig. 2). Intermediate signal intensity within this chamber indicated slow (obstructed) flow. The pulmonary

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