Abstract.- This study provides baseline information on the feeding habits of five batoid species from the genera Mobula and Myliobatis sampled from the small-scale driftnet fishery in northern Peru. The diets of Mobula mobular, Mobula munkiana and Mobula thurstoni consisted mainly of euphausiids. Dietary niche breadth indicated a pelagic feeding behaviour of a specialist and a trophic level of a secondary predator for both M. mobular and M. munkiana. In contrast, Myliobatis chilensis and Myliobatis peruvianus consumed mostly gastropods and crustaceans. Dietary niche breadth indicated a feeding behaviour of a benthic specialist and a trophic level of a secondary predator for Myliobatis chilensis.
La hipoxia es actualmente una de las mayores amenazas para los ecosistemas costeros del mundo, generando una mortalidad masiva de organismos marinos, pérdida de ecosistemas bentónicos y una disminución de la producción pesquera. Evaluamos y comparamos la tolerancia a la hipoxia de dos especies de diferentes hábitats de la costa peruana, la cabrilla Paralabrax humeralis y la chita Anisotremus scapularis. El efecto de la hipoxia se midió en función del tiempo de exposición (progresiva y crónica) sobre las respuestas conductuales y fisiológicas de las especies, así como sobre la actividad enzimática asociada a la respuesta al estrés oxidativo (LDH, SOD y AKP). La frecuencia ventilatoria (FV) se midió a dos temperaturas diferentes (16 y 22 ° C) en condiciones de hipoxia progresiva para determinar el punto crítico ventilatorio (Vcp). A. scapularis mostró un Vcp más alto que P. humeralis, el cual fue afectado positivamente por la temperatura. La mediana del tiempo letal (Lt50) de A. scapularis fue de 36 min al 60% de saturación de oxígeno, mientras que P. humeralis no mostró mortalidad después de 31 días de exposición al 5% de saturación de oxígeno. Para ambas especies, bajo hipoxia, se observó un aumento en la actividad de LDH en todas las muestras de tejido (branquias, hígado y músculo), un aumento en la actividad de SOD en hígado y sangre solo para P. humeralis, mientras que se observó una disminución en la actividad de AKP en ambas especies. La respuesta de P. humeralis a la hipoxia pasa por una reducción en la actividad y el metabolismo, por lo que esta especie puede considerarse tolerante a la hipoxia. Por otro lado, la respuesta de A. scapularis a la hipoxia prioriza los mecanismos de evitación y puede considerarse intolerante a la hipoxia...
Hypoxia is currently one of the greatest threats to coastal ecosystems worldwide, generating massive mortality of marine organisms, loss of benthic ecosystems and a decrease in fishery production. We evaluated and compared the tolerance to hypoxia of two species from different habitats of the Peruvian coast, the Peruvian rock seabass Paralabrax humeralis and the Peruvian grunt Anisotremus scapularis. The effect of hypoxia was measured as a function of the exposure time (progressive and chronic) on the behavioural and physiological responses of the two species, as well as on the enzymatic activity associated with the oxidative stress response of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP). The ventilatory frequency was measured at two different temperatures (16 and 22°C) under progressive hypoxia conditions to determine the ventilatory critical point (Vcp). A. scapularis showed a higher Vcp than P. humeralis, which was positively affected by temperature. The median lethal time of A. scapularis was 36 min at 60% of oxygen saturation, while P. humeralis showed no mortality after 31 days of exposure at 5% oxygen saturation. Different enzymatic activity (P < 0.05) between species under hypoxia was recorded, in SOD (gill and muscle) and AKP (blood). A general tendency, under hypoxia, to slightly increase LDH activity (except for blood in A. scapularis, P < 0.05) and SOD activity (mainly in muscle of A. scapularis, P < 0.05), and decrease AKP activity (mainly in liver of P. humeralis, P < 0.05) was observed. The response of P. humeralis to hypoxia goes through a reduction in activity and metabolism, so this species can be considered hypoxia‐tolerant, allowing it to face hypoxia events during prolonged periods. On the other hand, A. scapularis response to hypoxia prioritizes avoidance mechanisms and, together with other adaptations, makes it especially vulnerable to hypoxia and able to be considered hypoxia‐intolerant.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.